Beltran J, Bencardino J, Mellado J, Rosenberg Z S, Irish R D
Department of Radiology, Hospital for Joint Diseases, New York, NY 10003, USA.
Radiographics. 1997 Nov-Dec;17(6):1403-12; discussion 1412-5. doi: 10.1148/radiographics.17.6.9397454.
Use of magnetic resonance arthrography to evaluate pathologic conditions of the shoulder is becoming widespread. However, normal anatomy or anatomic variations can cause interpretive errors. The most common variations occur at the origins of the glenohumeral ligaments (GHLs) and the insertion of the joint capsule. Among the GHL variants, common origin of the superior and middle ligaments is the most frequent followed by thinning, thickening, or absence of a ligament, most often the middle one. Absence or thinning of one ligament is sometimes associated with thickening of another or changes in the size and shape of the anterior capsular recesses. Common normal variants of the labrum include foramen sublabrum (detachment of the anterosuperior labrum from the glenoid margin) and the Buford complex (absence of the anterosuperior labrum in association with a thick middle GHL). Pitfalls related to the arthrographic technique include (a) visualization of a deep sulcus between the insertion of the long head of the biceps tendon and the superior labrum and (b) an apparent type III capsular insertion due to overdistention of the capsule by injected contrast material.
使用磁共振关节造影术评估肩部病理状况正变得越来越普遍。然而，正常解剖结构或解剖变异可能导致解读错误。最常见的变异发生在盂肱韧带（GHLs）的起点和关节囊的附着处。在GHL变异中，上韧带和中韧带的共同起点最为常见，其次是韧带变薄、增厚或缺失，最常发生在中韧带。一条韧带的缺失或变薄有时与另一条韧带的增厚或前囊隐窝的大小和形状改变有关。盂唇的常见正常变异包括盂唇下孔（前上盂唇与肩胛盂边缘分离）和布福德复合体（前上盂唇缺失并伴有增厚的中GHL）。与关节造影技术相关的陷阱包括：（a）在肱二头肌长头附着处和上盂唇之间可见深沟；（b）由于注入的造影剂使关节囊过度扩张而出现明显的III型关节囊附着。
