Meyer E, Jamieson B G, Scheltinga D M
Department of Zoology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol. 1997 Oct;29(4):443-51.
The spermatozoa of four fossorial (Litoria alboguttata, Cyclorana brevipes, Cyclorana novaehollandiae and Cyclorana cryptotis) and two non-fossorial australian hylid frogs (Litoria aurea and Litoria moorei) together with previously examined Litoria (Hylidae: Anura) are compared. In spermatozoal ultrastructure (in particular the structure of the sperm tail) Cyclorana includes species which appear derived (apomorphic) relative to non-fossorial species of Litoria while the fossorial L. alboguttata groups with Cyclorana. All hylid species examined here are united by the bufonoid synapomorphy of a conical subacrosomal cone consisting of separate sheaves and the eubufonoid synapomorphy of a mitochondrial sheath or collar separated by a cytoplasmic canal from the centriolar region and tail. Spermatozoal symplesiomorphies for the Eubufonoidea, seen in Litoria (with the exception of L. alboguttata), are the well developed thin undulating membrane with juxta-axonemal and axial fibre. L. alboguttata, C. novaehollandiae and C. brevipes appear monophyletic in the apomorphic modification of the undulating membrane as a thick, dense structure. In L. alboguttata and C. novaehollandiae this structure retains a swelling, at the free edge, homologized with the axial rod. C. brevipes has a further apomorphy as the undulating membrane forms a parallel-sided dense structure with no separate differentiation of an axial fibre. C. cryptotis, however, retains the plesiomorphic sperm tail with a thin undulating membrane, juxta-axonemal and axial fibre. That these differences in spermatozoal ultrastructure have phylogenetic significance is endorsed by the similarity of the fertilization biology of the species examined. On the basis of sperm ultrastructure three separate lineages are discerned within Cyclorana s. lat.: 1) C. cryptotis; 2) L. alboguttata and C. novaehollandiae; and 3) C. brevipes. The evidence of sperm ultrastructure, supported by previously published molecular, morphological and karyological data, clearly places Litoria alboguttata within the genus Cyclorana.
对四种穴居的（白纹姬蛙、短腿姬蛙、新荷兰姬蛙和隐姬蛙）和两种非穴居的澳大利亚雨蛙科蛙类（绿金雨滨蛙和莫氏雨滨蛙）的精子，以及之前研究过的雨滨蛙属（雨蛙科：无尾目）进行了比较。在精子超微结构方面（特别是精子尾部的结构），姬蛙属包含一些相对于非穴居的雨滨蛙属物种显得衍生（近裔性状）的物种，而穴居的白纹姬蛙则与姬蛙属归为一类。此处研究的所有雨蛙科物种都具有由单独薄片组成的圆锥形顶体下锥的蟾蜍类共近裔性状，以及由细胞质通道与中心粒区域和尾部隔开的线粒体鞘或环的真蟾蜍类共近裔性状。在雨滨蛙属（白纹姬蛙除外）中观察到的真蟾蜍亚目的精子共祖性状是具有发育良好的薄波动膜，其靠近轴丝和轴纤维。白纹姬蛙、新荷兰姬蛙和短腿姬蛙在波动膜的近裔性状修饰中呈现出单系性，波动膜变为厚而致密的结构。在白纹姬蛙和新荷兰姬蛙中，这种结构在自由边缘保留了一个与轴杆同源的肿胀部分。短腿姬蛙还有一个进一步的近裔性状，即波动膜形成平行边的致密结构，且轴纤维没有单独分化。然而，隐姬蛙保留了具有薄波动膜、靠近轴丝和轴纤维的祖型精子尾部。所研究物种的受精生物学的相似性证实了精子超微结构中的这些差异具有系统发育意义。基于精子超微结构，在广义姬蛙属内可识别出三个独立的谱系：1）隐姬蛙；2）白纹姬蛙和新荷兰姬蛙；3）短腿姬蛙。精子超微结构的证据，得到之前发表的分子、形态和核型数据的支持，明确地将白纹姬蛙归入姬蛙属。
