Walker W A
Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Zhonghua Min Guo Xiao Er Ke Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi. 1997 Sep-Oct;38(5):321-31.
In this review of the protective properties of human breast milk, a new perspective is taken to underscore the passive and active protection properties of breast milk in providing specific protection against selective gastrointestinal disease affecting the neonate and preterm infant. The normal protective properties of the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier (immunologic and nonimmunologic) are considered as is the development of barriers to antigen absorption in the immature infant human intestine as a background for considering three accelerated gastrointestinal diseases-necrotizing enterocolitis, intestinal allergy, and bacterial gastroenteritis. In each of these conditions, the developmental protective defect is considered and the role of breast milk plays in filling the protective void discussed. Besides considering passive protection of breast milk including the new roles assigned to nutrients such as lactoferrin and nucleotides, and importance of active substances in breast milk such as growth factors, cytokines and hormones are discussed in the context of actively stimulating the infant's own intestinal defenses to function as a protective barrier. Future studies at the cellular and molecular level should be helpful in designing both preventative and treatment strategies to deal with these diseases.
在这篇关于人乳保护特性的综述中，我们采用了一种新的视角来强调人乳在针对影响新生儿和早产儿的特定胃肠道疾病提供特异性保护方面的被动和主动保护特性。我们考虑了胃肠道上皮屏障的正常保护特性（免疫性和非免疫性），以及未成熟婴儿肠道中抗原吸收屏障的发育情况，以此作为探讨三种加速性胃肠道疾病——坏死性小肠结肠炎、肠道过敏和细菌性肠胃炎的背景。在每种疾病情况下，我们都考虑了发育性保护缺陷，并讨论了母乳在填补保护空白方面所起的作用。除了考虑母乳的被动保护，包括赋予乳铁蛋白和核苷酸等营养素的新作用外，还在积极刺激婴儿自身肠道防御以形成保护屏障的背景下，讨论了母乳中活性物质如生长因子、细胞因子和激素的重要性。未来在细胞和分子水平上的研究将有助于设计预防和治疗这些疾病的策略。
