Pöschl M, Borkovec V, Zelenka J
Department of Nuclear Methods, Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Faculty of Agronomy, Brno, Czech Republic.
Radiat Environ Biophys. 1997 Sep;36(3):169-74. doi: 10.1007/s004110050068.
The distribution and biological half-life of radiocaesium (137Cs) in broiler chickens after three oral applications (in course of 1 day at the age of 14 days) of artificially contaminated feed mixture were studied. There was a rapid uptake of the orally administered 137Cs (within a few hours) and also a rapid loss of 137Cs which varied in the different organs (the initial biological half-life was: liver 0.6 day, intestine 0.6 day, breast meat 2 days, leg meat 1.2 days). More than one-half of the total administered 137Cs activity (55%) was excreted from the body within the 1st day after dosage, and after 14 days more than 90% had been excreted. The highest accumulation of 137Cs occurred in meat (50%-90%), and the proportion of total activity in breast and leg meat varied during decontamination. The transfer of radiocaesium from feed into the chicken body (measured as ratios of the 137Cs activity concentrations in the organ to the 137Cs activity concentration in the applied dose) 1 day after application was: 0.0220, 0.0294, 0.0216 and 0.0195 for breast meat, leg meat, intestine and liver, respectively. Significant differences between the values were demonstrated (P < 0.05) except between those of breast meat and intestine. For the first 3 days there was a higher proportion of 137Cs activity in leg meat, whereas from the 4th day a greater part of total activity was found in breast meat. The latter results were confirmed in a subsequent study. Data from this study suggest that if broiler chickens are contaminated by radiocaesium to a level of 5 kBq/chicken in the course of 1 day at the age of 14 days, then immediate feeding with uncontaminated feed mixture for 18 days should be effective in decontaminating the chicken's meat below the intervention levels for radiocaesium in animal products, i.e. below 1000 Bq. kg-1.
研究了在14日龄肉鸡1天内分三次口服人工污染饲料混合物后，放射性铯（¹³⁷Cs）在鸡体内的分布及生物半衰期。口服的¹³⁷Cs吸收迅速（数小时内），且在不同器官中¹³⁷Cs的损失也很快（初始生物半衰期为：肝脏0.6天，肠道0.6天，胸肉2天，腿肉1.2天）。给药后第1天，超过一半（55%）的¹³⁷Cs总活度从体内排出，14天后超过90%已排出。¹³⁷Cs在肉中的积累最高（50% - 90%），在去污过程中胸肉和腿肉中总活度的比例有所变化。给药1天后，放射性铯从饲料转移到鸡体内（以器官中¹³⁷Cs活度浓度与给药剂量中¹³⁷Cs活度浓度的比值衡量），胸肉、腿肉、肠道和肝脏的该比值分别为0.0220、0.0294、0.0216和0.0195。除胸肉和肠道的数值外，其他数值之间存在显著差异（P < 0.05）。在最初3天，腿肉中¹³⁷Cs活度比例较高，而从第4天起，总活度的较大部分存在于胸肉中。后续研究证实了后一结果。本研究数据表明，如果14日龄肉鸡在1天内被放射性铯污染至每只鸡5 kBq的水平，那么立即用未受污染的饲料混合物喂养18天应能有效使鸡肉中的放射性铯去污至低于动物产品中放射性铯的干预水平，即低于1000 Bq·kg⁻¹。
