Tomkinson A, Roblin D G, Flanagan P, Quine S M, Backhouse S
Department of Otolaryngology/Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Rhinology. 1997 Sep;35(3):129-31.
The age and sex distribution of epistaxis admissions to hospital was examined. A retrospective analysis of 6,885 patients admitted to hospitals in the whole of Wales was performed, over a period of five years. The findings were compared with data from the 1991 National Population Census for the same region, thus providing a more representative estimate of the behaviour of this disease. A clear age relationship is demonstrated, with the incidence of epistaxis increasing rapidly after the age of 40 years. The female-to-male ratio is also age dependent. In the group aged between 20 to 49 years twice as many males as females were admitted, where no sex difference was expected from the population data. This difference was not present in the group aged 50 years and over where the ratio was similar to that in the underlying population. There was a 1.6 fold difference between the sex ratios of the two groups (95% confidence intervals of 1.9 to 1.4; p < 0.0001). It is possible that the female pre-menopausal state may provide a significant protection from this disease. The mechanism for this is unknown, but may be secondary to a direct effect of oestrogen on the nasal mucosa or vasculature, or the healing of vessels in this region. Alternatively, this observation may simply be a reflection of protection the pre-menopausal state provides against cardiovascular disease in general.
对鼻出血入院患者的年龄和性别分布进行了研究。对威尔士全体医院在五年期间收治的6885例患者进行了回顾性分析。将研究结果与同一地区1991年全国人口普查的数据进行比较，从而对该疾病的表现提供更具代表性的估计。研究显示了明确的年龄关系，鼻出血发病率在40岁以后迅速上升。男女比例也与年龄有关。在20至49岁的人群中，入院男性人数是女性的两倍，而根据人口数据预计该年龄段不存在性别差异。50岁及以上人群中不存在这种差异，该年龄段的男女比例与总体人群相似。两组的性别比存在1.6倍的差异（95%置信区间为1.9至1.4；p<0.0001）。绝经前女性状态可能对这种疾病提供显著的保护作用。其机制尚不清楚，但可能继发于雌激素对鼻黏膜或血管系统的直接作用，或该区域血管的愈合。或者，这一观察结果可能仅仅反映了绝经前状态对一般心血管疾病的保护作用。
