Marks J D, Khoshnood B
Section of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
Neurosurg Clin N Am. 1998 Jan;9(1):63-72.
This article reviews the epidemiology and risk factors of posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus and neural tube defects (NTDs). Posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus is discussed in terms of risk factors for intraventricular hemorrhage. Four categories of risk factors are presented: maturational factors, antepartum factors, peripartum factors, and factors conferred by postnatal conditions. The complex epidemiology of neural tube defects is discussed in terms of person, place, and time. Interventional strategies, including antenatal screening and nutritional supplementation for NTD prevention, are reviewed.
本文综述了出血后脑积水和神经管缺陷（NTDs）的流行病学及危险因素。从脑室内出血的危险因素方面对出血后脑积水进行了讨论。提出了四类危险因素：成熟因素、产前因素、围产期因素和出生后状况所赋予的因素。从人群、地点和时间方面讨论了神经管缺陷复杂的流行病学。还综述了包括产前筛查和营养补充以预防神经管缺陷在内的干预策略。
