Lankoandé J, Ouédraogo A, Ouédraogo C M, Ouattara T, Bonané B, Koné B
Département de gynécologie-obstétrique, Faculté des sciences de la santé, Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
Sante. 1997 Jul-Aug;7(4):231-5.
We present the results of a retrospective study carried out between 1992 and 1995 aimed at describing the epidemiological, clinical and developmental profile of eclampsia in an African maternity unit towards the end of the 20th Century. The incidence of eclampsia was 108 cases in 12,175 births (0.89%), mostly in young patients during their first pregnancy. 40.7% of the patients were less than 20 years old and 59.3% were expecting their first child. Eclampsia occurred between the 28th and 37th weeks of amenorrhea in 37% of cases. Thirty four patients (31.5%) had had at least three episodes of eclampsia prior to admission. Diastolic arterial blood pressure was higher than 120 mmHg in 25.9% of cases. Eclampsia occurred before labor in 30.6% of cases, during labor in 38% of cases and after giving birth in 31.5% of cases. Postpartum episodes occurred an average of 67 +/- 18.7 hours after the birth. There were complication with infection in 7 cases, renal insufficiency in 14 cases and one case of retro placental hematoma. Seventeen patients died, giving a death rate of 15.7%. During the same period, 3.4% of maternal deaths were due to eclampsia. The perinatal mortality rate was 23.1%. A quantitative and qualitative improvement in prenatal consultations should make it possible to reduce the incidence of eclampsia. Measuring arterial blood pressure daily for at least 14 days after the birth appears to be necessary for diagnosis and treatment of all cases of hypertension.
我们呈现了一项在1992年至1995年间开展的回顾性研究结果，旨在描述20世纪末非洲一家产科病房中子痫的流行病学、临床和发育特征。子痫的发病率为12175例分娩中有108例（0.89%），大多发生在年轻初产妇中。40.7%的患者年龄小于20岁，59.3%的患者为首次怀孕。37%的病例子痫发生在闭经第28至37周。34例患者（31.5%）入院前至少有三次子痫发作。25.9%的病例舒张压高于120 mmHg。30.6%的病例子痫发生在分娩前，38%发生在分娩期间，31.5%发生在产后。产后子痫发作平均发生在分娩后67±18.7小时。7例有感染并发症，14例有肾功能不全，1例有胎盘后血肿。17例患者死亡，死亡率为15.7%。同期，3.4%的孕产妇死亡归因于子痫。围产儿死亡率为23.1%。产前检查在数量和质量上的改善应有助于降低子痫的发病率。产后至少14天每天测量动脉血压似乎对所有高血压病例的诊断和治疗是必要的。
