Linden W, Leung D, Chawla A, Stossel C, Rutledge T, Tanco S A
Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
J Behav Med. 1997 Oct;20(5):415-32. doi: 10.1023/a:1025595315009.
We investigated two social determinants (i.e., availability of social support and status differentials of the provocateur) for the degree of perceived anger in two populations. Because no suitable tool was available, the conceptual and psychometric development and validation of a new vignette-based measure for anger level (STandardized Experience of Anger Measure, STEAM) is described first. Two versions of STEAM were developed: one for students and one for community-living adults. Through a series of four studies, two sets of a 12-item vignette-based questionnaire were developed and validated. The resulting test had excellent test-retest stability and high internal consistency. Using the new STEAM measure, a variety of analyses were conducted to test the hypothesized influence of social determinants of anger. In the student sample, presence of social support was associated with lessened anger, and in both samples decreasing status of the provocateur also led to lessened anger arousal. In addition, findings in both samples revealed that social support reduced anger when the provocateur was of higher status relative to situations of equal and lesser status. In the community sample, the availability of support was associated with greater intensity of the anger experience in the lesser status condition than in the equal or greater status condition. No gender main effects or interactions were noted.
我们在两个人群中研究了两个社会决定因素（即社会支持的可获得性和挑衅者的地位差异）对感知愤怒程度的影响。由于没有合适的工具，我们首先描述了一种基于新的 vignette 的愤怒水平测量方法（标准化愤怒体验量表，STEAM）的概念、心理测量学开发及验证过程。我们开发了两个版本的 STEAM：一个针对学生，另一个针对社区居住的成年人。通过一系列四项研究，我们开发并验证了两组基于 vignette 的 12 项问卷。所得测试具有出色的重测稳定性和高内部一致性。使用新的 STEAM 测量方法，我们进行了各种分析，以检验愤怒的社会决定因素的假设影响。在学生样本中，社会支持的存在与愤怒减轻相关，并且在两个样本中，挑衅者地位的降低也导致愤怒唤起的减少。此外，两个样本中的研究结果都表明，当挑衅者相对于同等地位和较低地位的情况处于较高地位时，社会支持会减少愤怒。在社区样本中，与同等或较高地位条件相比，在较低地位条件下支持的可获得性与更强烈的愤怒体验相关。未发现性别主效应或交互作用。
