Altshuler G
Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Children's Hospital of Oklahoma, Oklahoma City 73104, USA.
Semin Pediatr Neurol. 1995 Mar;2(1):90-9. doi: 10.1016/s1071-9091(05)80007-5.
Deficient information regarding placental pathology has compromised epidemiological investigations of cerebral palsy, mental retardation, and other diseases. This article reviews light microscopic signs of low placental blood flow, fetal nucleated red blood cells, villitis (villous inflammatory lesions), chorangiosis (placental villous capillary hypervascularity), meconium staining, and chorioamnionitis. These findings can be used with data of birth weight, head circumference, and length to document the duration of fetal disease. The article includes pathophysiological considerations; for example, chorioamnionitis and fetal meconium discharge may cause autacoids to produce fetal hypoperfusion of the fetal brain and other vital organs.
关于胎盘病理学的信息不足，已经影响了对脑瘫、智力迟钝及其他疾病的流行病学调查。本文综述了胎盘血流不足、胎儿有核红细胞、绒毛炎（绒毛炎性病变）、绒毛血管增多（胎盘绒毛毛细血管血管增生）、胎粪污染及绒毛膜羊膜炎的光镜下表现。这些发现可与出生体重、头围和身长数据一起用于记录胎儿疾病的持续时间。本文还包括病理生理学方面的考量；例如，绒毛膜羊膜炎和胎儿胎粪排出可能导致自身活性物质产生，从而引起胎儿脑和其他重要器官的灌注不足。
