The neurological basis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a serious disability with long-term consequences. At present the disorder is considered organic in pathology, particularly in regard to central nervous system functioning. This paper reviews research on ADHD. The role of neurochemical stimulation is discussed, and the signs of neurological deficits are explored. Nearly 600,000 young people in the United States receive medication daily for ADHD, and these drugs mimic brain neurotransmitters. The chemical action of these drugs and the cognitive, affective, and behavioral effects are discussed. Side effects and dosage levels are also examined. Basic behavior modification with ADHD children and how these techniques can be combined with effective drug treatment are elaborated.