Majumdar P, Khanna G L, Malik V, Sachdeva S, Arif M, Mandal M
Sports Authority of India, Netaji Subhas Southern Centre, Bangalore, India.
Br J Sports Med. 1997 Dec;31(4):342-5. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.31.4.342.
To estimate the training load of specific on court training regimens based on the magnitude of variation of heart rate-lactate response during specific training and to determine the magnitude of variation of biochemical parameters (urea, uric acid, and creatine phosphokinase (CPK)) 12 hours after the specific training programme so as to assess training stress.
The study was conducted on six national male badminton players. Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2), ventilation (VE), heart rate, and respiratory quotient were measured by a protocol of graded treadmill exercise. Twelve training sessions and 35 singles matches were analysed. Heart rate and blood lactate were monitored during technical training routines and match play. Fasting blood samples collected on two occasions--that is, during off season and 12 hours after specific training--were analysed for serum urea, uric acid, and CPK.
Analysis of the on court training regimens showed lactate values of 8-10.5 mmol/l in different phases. The percentage of maximum heart rate ranged from 82% to 100%. Urea, uric acid, and CPK activity showed significant changes from (mean (SD)) 4.93 (0.75) mmol/l to 5.49 (0.84) mmol/l, 0.23 (0.04) to 0.33 (0.06) mmol/l, and 312 (211.8) to 363 (216.4) IU/l respectively.
Maximum lactate reported in the literature ranges from 3-6 mmol/l. Comparatively high lactate values and high percentage of maximum heart rate found in on court training show a considerable stress on muscular and cardiovascular system. The training load needs appropriate monitoring to avoid over-training. Workouts that are too intensive may interfere with coordination, a factor that is important in sports requiring highly technical skill such as badminton.
基于特定训练期间心率 - 乳酸反应的变化幅度，估算特定场上训练方案的训练负荷，并确定特定训练计划12小时后生化参数（尿素、尿酸和肌酸磷酸激酶（CPK））的变化幅度，以评估训练压力。
该研究针对六名国家男子羽毛球运动员进行。通过分级跑步机运动方案测量最大耗氧量（VO2）、通气量（VE）、心率和呼吸商。分析了12次训练课程和35场单打比赛。在技术训练和比赛期间监测心率和血乳酸。采集两次空腹血样——即休赛期和特定训练后12小时——分析血清尿素、尿酸和CPK。
对场上训练方案的分析显示，不同阶段乳酸值为8 - 10.5 mmol/L。最大心率百分比范围为82%至100%。尿素、尿酸和CPK活性分别从（均值（标准差））4.93（0.75）mmol/L显著变化至5.49（0.84）mmol/L、0.23（0.04）至0.33（0.06）mmol/L以及312（211.8）至363（216.4）IU/L。
文献报道的最大乳酸值范围为3 - 6 mmol/L。在场上训练中发现的相对较高的乳酸值和较高的最大心率百分比表明对肌肉和心血管系统有相当大的压力。训练负荷需要适当监测以避免过度训练。过于高强度的训练可能会干扰协调性，而协调性在羽毛球等需要高技术技能的运动中是一个重要因素。
