Rubino I A, Pezzarossa B, Zanna V, Ciani N
Department of Psychiatry, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy.
Br J Med Psychol. 1997 Dec;70(4):395-402. doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8341.1997.tb01915.x.
Foulds' inclusive non-reflexive law of symptom formation has been hitherto confirmed only on psychiatric or non-clinical persons. Given that respectively a yes-bias and a high frequency of non-classified patients may have inflated the rate of confirming protocols in these groups, a validation study was conducted with the Delusions-Symptoms-States Inventory (DSSI) on 188 psychiatric and 295 dermatological patients. Although non-classified patients were not included in the study (thus lowering the number of conforming patterns), both samples showed percentages of patterns conforming to Foulds' law which were above 85 per cent. No significant intergroup difference was found. The rate of conforming patterns in both groups was lower for members of the two psychotic classes (61-77 per cent). Foulds further hypothesized that the number of pathological sets within a given class grows if there is allocation into a superordinate class. This assumption was confirmed in both groups and for most of the inter-class comparisons. Suggestions were advanced to clarify the issue of the time span to be covered by Foulds' pyramid, to refine the instructions and the response format of the DSSI, and to include into the pyramid further relevant disturbances.
福尔兹关于症状形成的包容性非反身定律迄今仅在精神病患者或非临床人群中得到证实。鉴于在这些群体中分别存在肯定偏向和大量未分类患者，这可能夸大了确认方案的比例，因此使用妄想-症状-状态量表（DSSI）对188名精神科患者和295名皮肤科患者进行了一项验证研究。尽管研究中未纳入未分类患者（从而降低了符合模式的数量），但两个样本中符合福尔兹定律的模式百分比均高于85%。未发现显著的组间差异。两个精神病类别成员在两组中的符合模式率较低（61%-77%）。福尔兹进一步假设，如果将某一类别分配到一个上级类别中，该类别内的病理集数量会增加。这一假设在两组以及大多数组间比较中都得到了证实。有人提出了一些建议，以澄清福尔兹金字塔所涵盖的时间跨度问题，完善DSSI的指导语和回答格式，并在金字塔中纳入更多相关障碍。
