Wainwright S P
Department of Nursing Studies, King's College London, England.
J Adv Nurs. 1997 Dec;26(6):1262-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.1997.tb00821.x.
Realism has been the dominant approach in the philosophy of science for the last 20 years. Realist philosophy has also been widely employed across a range of social sciences. Unfortunately, these powerful intellectual currents have not reached the shores of nursing which appears trapped in a time-warped debate about 'qualitative' (constructivist) and 'quantitative' (positivist) approaches. This paper argues that both positivism and constructionism are seriously flawed as philosophies of social and natural science. This is in marked contrast with realism which is a philosophy of both the natural and social sciences. I therefore propose that realism should be adopted as a radically different new paradigm for a unified biopsychosocial nursing.
在过去20年里，实在论一直是科学哲学中的主导方法。实在论哲学也在一系列社会科学中得到广泛应用。不幸的是，这些强大的思潮尚未波及护理学领域，该领域似乎陷入了一场关于“定性”（建构主义）和“定量”（实证主义）方法的过时争论中。本文认为，实证主义和建构主义作为社会科学和自然科学的哲学都存在严重缺陷。这与实在论形成鲜明对比，实在论是自然科学和社会科学的哲学。因此，我提议应采用实在论作为一种截然不同的新范式，用于统一的生物心理社会护理学。
