McGoogan B B, Gatlin D M
Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences and Faculty of Nutrition, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843-2258, USA.
J Nutr. 1998 Jan;128(1):123-9. doi: 10.1093/jn/128.1.123.
Precise formulation of diets that meet but do not greatly exceed nutritional requirements should assist in lowering feed costs for commercial aquaculture of red drum, Sciaenops ocellatus. In this study, protein and energy requirements of red drum for maintenance and maximum gain were determined by feeding a diet containing digestible protein (DP) at 36.5% and 14.2 kJ digestible energy (DE) per gram at various rates for 8 wk in two separate experiments. Changes in weight and whole-body energy and protein were measured and regressed against protein or energy fed using a nonlinear procedure. In the first experiment, juvenile fish [ approximately 3. 4 g initial body weight (BW)] were either starved or fed at one of the following g/(100 g BW.d): 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, or 8. The second experiment utilized larger red drum (approximately 5.5 g initial weight), fed 0.75, 1.5, 3, 5, 5.5, 6, 6.5 or 7 g/(100 g BW.d) to confirm and refine results from the first experiment. Based on maintenance of body weight in both experiments, red drum had a protein maintenance requirement of 1.5 and 2.5 g DP/(kg BW.d) whereas estimates based on maintenance of whole-body protein were 0.5 and 2.2 g DP/(kg BW.d). Energy requirements for maintenance of weight and body energy ranged from 58 to 93 and 92 to 97 kJ DE/(kg BW.d), respectively. Protein requirements for maximum weight gain and change in body protein ranged from 20 to 25 g DP/(kg BW.d), whereas energy requirements for maximum weight gain and whole-body deposition ranged from 776 to 958 and 914 to 985 kJ DE/(kg BW.d), respectively. These requirements for maintenance and maximum gain of red drum should assist in formulation of diets for a variety of desired feeding strategies.
精确配制既能满足又不会大大超过营养需求的饲料，应有助于降低美国红鱼（Sciaenops ocellatus）商业水产养殖的饲料成本。在本研究中，通过在两个独立实验中以不同投喂率投喂含36.5%可消化蛋白（DP）和每克14.2千焦可消化能量（DE）的饲料8周，确定了美国红鱼维持体重及最大生长时的蛋白质和能量需求。测量体重、鱼体能量和蛋白质的变化，并使用非线性程序将其与投喂的蛋白质或能量进行回归分析。在第一个实验中，幼鱼[初始体重（BW）约3.4克]要么禁食，要么按以下投喂量[克/（100克体重·天）]之一投喂：0.5、1、2、4、6或8。第二个实验使用了更大的美国红鱼（初始体重约5.5克），投喂量为0.75、1.5、3、5、5.5、6、6.5或7克/（100克体重·天），以确认和完善第一个实验的结果。基于两个实验中体重维持情况，美国红鱼的蛋白质维持需求量分别为1.5和2.5克DP/（千克体重·天），而基于鱼体蛋白质维持情况的估计值为0.5和2.2克DP/（千克体重·天）。维持体重和鱼体能量的能量需求量分别为58至93和92至97千焦DE/（千克体重·天）。最大体重增加和鱼体蛋白质变化的蛋白质需求量为20至25克DP/（千克体重·天），而最大体重增加和鱼体沉积的能量需求量分别为776至958和91至985千焦DE/（千克体重·天）。美国红鱼这些维持体重及最大生长的需求，应有助于为各种期望的投喂策略配制饲料。
