Voelker J L, Kaufman H H
Department of Neurosurgery, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, USA.
New Horiz. 1997 Nov;5(4):342-51.
Spontaneous hemorrhage into the cerebral parenchyma accounts for 8% to 13% of all strokes. It is more common in males, in blacks, and in the elderly. Fifty percent of cases are due to the effects of chronic hypertension on intracranial perforating arteries. The basal ganglia are the most frequent site of bleeding. Lobar hematomas tend to occur in younger patients, and may be due to specific causes such as vascular malformations. Many patients will have increased intracranial pressure and will require treatment in an intensive care unit. If surgery is necessary, stereotactic aspiration and pharmaceutical clot lysis are recent developments that may be advantageous. Prognosis is related to the patient's age and neurologic condition, and to the size, location, and rapidity of formation of the hematoma.
脑实质内的自发性出血占所有中风的8%至13%。在男性、黑人及老年人中更为常见。50%的病例是由于慢性高血压对颅内穿通动脉的影响所致。基底节是最常见的出血部位。脑叶血肿往往发生在较年轻的患者中，可能由血管畸形等特定原因引起。许多患者会出现颅内压升高，需要在重症监护病房接受治疗。如有必要进行手术，立体定向抽吸和药物溶栓是近期可能具有优势的进展。预后与患者的年龄、神经状况以及血肿的大小、位置和形成速度有关。
