Watson P R, Sandford P A, Burton K A, Cadmus M C, Jeanes A
Carbohydr Res. 1976 Feb;46(2):259-65. doi: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)84297-4.
The black yeast-like fungus NRRL YB-4163, now tentatively identified as Rhinocladiella elatior Mangenot, has been found to produce an extracellular microbial polysaccharide composed mainly of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucuronic acid residues. Polysaccharide (PS) YB-4163, when isolated in good yield as the neutral potassium salt, dissolves readily in water to produce extremely viscous solutions, which form stable foams and emulsions. By depolymerizing PS YB-4163 with [14C]methanol-HCl, the polysaccharide can be both identified and quantitated radiochemically by determining the individual [14C]methyl glycosides after their separation by paper chromatography. When the methyl glycosides of PS YB-4163 were reduced with NaB3H4, only the methyl glycosides of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-[6-3H]glucose were found. Analysis of the monosaccharide released from carboxyl-reduced PS YB-4163 by acid hydrolysis or methanolysis also showed 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucuronic acid to be the main constituent. Previously, the only polysaccharides known to be composed entirely or hexosaminuronic acid have been cellular products from pathogens. Of these, the antigenic polysaccharide (SPSA) from Staphylococcus aureus is composed entirely of 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucuronic acid, but its amino groups are substituted equally with acetyl and N-acetylalanyl groups. The specific optical rotation of PS YB-4163, [alpha]20D -75 degrees (c 0.5, water), is similar to that of SPSA (-91 degrees), and suggests beta-D-linkages that must be either (1 leads to 3) or (1 leads to 4).
黑色酵母样真菌NRRL YB - 4163，目前暂鉴定为高鼻枝孢菌（Rhinocladiella elatior Mangenot），已发现其能产生一种主要由2 - 乙酰氨基 - 2 - 脱氧 - D - 葡萄糖醛酸残基组成的细胞外微生物多糖。多糖（PS）YB - 4163以中性钾盐形式高产率分离出来时，能很容易地溶解于水，形成极其黏稠的溶液，这些溶液能形成稳定的泡沫和乳液。通过用[¹⁴C]甲醇 - 盐酸使PS YB - 4163解聚，在纸色谱分离后测定各个[¹⁴C]甲基糖苷，多糖可以通过放射化学方法进行鉴定和定量。当用NaB₃H₄还原PS YB - 4163的甲基糖苷时，仅发现2 - 乙酰氨基 - 2 - 脱氧 - D - [6 - ³H]葡萄糖的甲基糖苷。通过酸水解或甲醇解分析从羧基还原的PS YB - 4163释放的单糖，也表明2 - 乙酰氨基 - 2 - 脱氧 - D - 葡萄糖醛酸是主要成分。以前，已知完全由己糖胺糖醛酸组成的唯一多糖是病原体的细胞产物。其中，金黄色葡萄球菌的抗原性多糖（SPSA）完全由2 - 氨基 - 2 - 脱氧 - D - 葡萄糖醛酸组成，但其氨基被乙酰基和N - 乙酰丙氨酰基等量取代。PS YB - 4163的比旋光度[α]₂₀ᴅ -75°（c 0.5，水）与SPSA的比旋光度（-91°）相似，表明存在β - D - 糖苷键，其键型必定是（1→3）或（1→4）。
