Grosenbaugh D A, Muir W W
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA.
Am J Vet Res. 1998 Jan;59(1):101-6.
To determine and compare cardiorespiratory and recovery effects of sevoflurane, isoflurane, and halothane in horses.
8 clinically normal horses (4 mares, 4 geldings), 5 to 12 years old.
Inhalation anesthesia was maintained for 90 minutes with sevoflurane, isoflurane, or halothane. Anesthesia depth was maintained at 1.5 minimum alveolar concentration of halothane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, then was reduced at 30 and 60 minutes. A surgical plane of anesthesia was reinduced by administration of ketamine or thiopental or by increasing the fractional inspired concentration of sevoflurane. Cardiovascular and pulmonary variables were recorded and compared among inhalation anesthetics. Recovery was monitored, and subjective assessment of recovery quality was performed.
Hemodynamic and pulmonary indices during sevoflurane anesthesia were similar to those of isoflurane. Cardiac output and systemic arterial pressure decreased less during sevoflurane and isoflurane anesthesia than during halothane anesthesia. After 90 minutes, cardiac output was greater for sevoflurane and isoflurane, respectively, compared with halothane. Mean arterial pressure was similar for all three anesthetic agents. Respiratory rate for sevoflurane and isoflurane was less than that for halothane. This apparent respiratory depression correlated with greater increase in PaCO2 and decreased pH when sevoflurane and isoflurane were compared with halothane. Recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia was qualitatively similar and superior to recovery from isoflurane and halothane, respectively. Time to standing did not differ significantly between sevoflurane and isoflurane, but was shorter than halothane.
Sevoflurane induced cardiorespiratory effects that were comparable to those of isoflurane and halothane. Cardiac output was greater and respiratory rate was less than that for halothane at 1.5 MAC. Sevoflurane anesthesia was characterized by good control of anesthesia depth during induction, maintenance, and recovery. Recovery time after sevoflurane anesthesia was comparable to that for isoflurane, and recovery was smooth and controlled in a manner consistent with recovery from halothane.
测定并比较七氟烷、异氟烷和氟烷对马匹心肺功能及恢复的影响。
8匹临床健康马匹（4匹母马，4匹阉马），年龄5至12岁。
用七氟烷、异氟烷或氟烷维持吸入麻醉90分钟。麻醉深度维持在氟烷、异氟烷和七氟烷的1.5倍最低肺泡浓度，然后在30分钟和60分钟时降低。通过给予氯胺酮或硫喷妥钠或增加七氟烷的吸入分数浓度重新诱导出外科麻醉平面。记录并比较吸入麻醉剂之间的心血管和肺变量。监测恢复情况，并对恢复质量进行主观评估。
七氟烷麻醉期间血液动力学和肺指标与异氟烷相似。七氟烷和异氟烷麻醉期间的心输出量和体动脉压下降幅度小于氟烷麻醉期间。90分钟后，七氟烷和异氟烷的心输出量分别高于氟烷。三种麻醉剂的平均动脉压相似。七氟烷和异氟烷的呼吸频率低于氟烷。与氟烷相比，七氟烷和异氟烷时这种明显的呼吸抑制与动脉血二氧化碳分压升高幅度更大及pH值降低有关。七氟烷麻醉后的恢复在质量上分别与异氟烷和氟烷相似且优于它们。七氟烷和异氟烷站立时间差异不显著，但短于氟烷。
七氟烷引起的心肺效应与异氟烷和氟烷相当。在1.5倍最低肺泡浓度时，心输出量高于氟烷，呼吸频率低于氟烷。七氟烷麻醉的特点是在诱导、维持和恢复期间对麻醉深度控制良好。七氟烷麻醉后的恢复时间与异氟烷相当，恢复平稳且可控，方式与氟烷恢复一致。
