Kronstad J W, Staben C
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Annu Rev Genet. 1997;31:245-76. doi: 10.1146/annurev.genet.31.1.245.
Mating type genes regulate sexual compatibility and sexual reproduction in fungi. This review focuses on recent molecular analyses of well-characterized mating systems from representative ascomycete (Neurospora crassa, Podospora anserina) and basidiomycete (Ustilago maydis, Coprinus cinereus, Schizophyllum commune) fungi. These mating systems include many conserved components, such as gene regulatory polypeptides and pheromone/receptor signal transduction cascades, as well as conserved processes, like self-nonself recognition and controlled nuclear migration. The components' structures and their genetic arrangements in the mating system vary greatly in different fungi. Although similar components and processes are also found in ascomycete yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe), the filamentous systems exhibit properties not encountered in yeast. Mating type genes act within, and control the development of, spatially differentiated fruiting bodies. The complex mating systems of basidiomycetes, unlike ascomycete systems, involve novel one-to-many specificity in both pheromone-receptor and homeodomain protein interactions.
交配型基因调控真菌的有性亲和性和有性生殖。本综述聚焦于对来自代表性子囊菌（粗糙脉孢菌、栗疫霉）和担子菌（玉米黑粉菌、灰盖鬼伞、裂褶菌）真菌的已充分研究的交配系统的最新分子分析。这些交配系统包括许多保守成分，如基因调控多肽和信息素/受体信号转导级联反应，以及保守过程，如自我-非自我识别和受控的核迁移。在不同真菌中，交配系统中各成分的结构及其遗传排列差异很大。尽管在子囊菌酵母（酿酒酵母和粟酒裂殖酵母）中也发现了类似的成分和过程，但丝状系统具有酵母中未出现的特性。交配型基因在空间上有差异的子实体内部起作用并控制其发育。与子囊菌系统不同，担子菌复杂的交配系统在信息素-受体和同源结构域蛋白相互作用中涉及新的一对多特异性。
