Kogut M H, Genovese K, Moyes R B, Stanker L H
USDA, Agricultural Research Service, College Station, Texas, USA.
Can J Vet Res. 1998 Jan;62(1):27-32.
We have previously reported that the prophylactic administration of factor(s) from T-cell supernatants derived from Salmonella enteritidis-immune chickens (ILK) have a favorable effect in controlling or eliminating salmonellosis in neonatal poultry. Experimentally, we have used the intraperitoneal injection as the standard method of administering ILK to neonatal poultry. However, this method is neither easy, practical, nor economical for the poultry industry. In the present study, we evaluated the effectiveness of oral (p.o.), intranasal (i.n.), and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of ILK for ease of delivery, induction of protective resistance against Salmonella enteritidis (Se) organ invasion, and the ability to activate peripheral blood heterophils in day-old chickens. In the first experiments, delivery of ILK p.o., i.n., and s.c. significantly (P < 0.01) increased the resistance of day-old chickens to Se organ invasion. The level of protection was equivalent to that induced by the i.p. route. Administration of a comparable protein control (bovine serum albumin, BSA) by the 3 routes induced no protective effect against Se organ invasion. Likewise, a significant increase was found in the number of circulating heterophils within 4 h of administration of the ILK by all routes. In the 2nd experiment, the function of the heterophils from ILK-treated birds was compared with that of the control cells in adherence, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis assays. The heterophils from birds given ILK i.p., s.c., p.o., or i.n. had significantly (P < 0.01) increased functional activities when compared to the activities of the heterophils from the control birds. These studies indicate that the delivery of ILK either orally or parenterally, routes which can be used by the poultry industry, can confer protection to chickens against a localized enteric Se organ invasion by potentiating the systemic heterophilic innate response.
我们之前曾报道,给予来自肠炎沙门氏菌免疫鸡的T细胞上清液中的因子(ILK)进行预防性给药,对控制或消除新生家禽的沙门氏菌病具有良好效果。在实验中,我们采用腹腔注射作为向新生家禽施用ILK的标准方法。然而,这种方法对家禽业来说既不容易、不实用,也不经济。在本研究中,我们评估了口服(p.o.)、鼻内(i.n.)和皮下(s.c.)施用ILK在给药便利性、诱导针对肠炎沙门氏菌(Se)器官侵袭的保护性抗性以及激活一日龄雏鸡外周血异嗜性粒细胞能力方面的效果。在首次实验中,口服、鼻内和皮下施用ILK显著(P < 0.01)提高了一日龄雏鸡对Se器官侵袭的抗性。保护水平与腹腔注射途径诱导的相当。通过这三种途径给予可比的蛋白质对照(牛血清白蛋白,BSA)对Se器官侵袭没有诱导保护作用。同样,所有途径施用ILK后4小时内循环异嗜性粒细胞数量显著增加。在第二个实验中,在黏附、趋化和吞噬试验中,将接受ILK处理的禽类的异嗜性粒细胞功能与对照细胞的功能进行了比较。与对照禽类的异嗜性粒细胞活性相比,腹腔内、皮下、口服或鼻内给予ILK的禽类的异嗜性粒细胞功能活性显著(P < 0.01)增强。这些研究表明,口服或非肠道施用ILK(家禽业可采用的途径),可通过增强全身性异嗜性先天反应,为鸡提供针对局部肠道Se器官侵袭的保护。