Smith A M, Sim F H, Smith H C, Stuart M J, Laskowski E R
Sports Medicine Center, Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA.
Mayo Clin Proc. 1998 Jan;73(1):17-27. doi: 10.4065/73.1.17.
To determine the relationship between psychologic, situational, and physiologic variables and on-ice performance of youth hockey goalkeepers.
This study was structured to identify relationships and predictors of goalie performance.
Because athletes playing solo positions in team sports have not been analyzed in depth in terms of precompetition anxiety and because goalkeeper performance is critical to game outcome, we undertook a study of 43 goalies at a hockey camp. These goalies completed psychometric inventories to assess trait and state anxiety, confidence, life stress, and social support. Holter monitors measured heart rate while the goalies rotated through on-ice stations. Goalies were videotaped at the puck-shooting machine station, and performance (percent saves) was calculated.
Trait (somatic) anxiety and positive mood state (ability to share) had different but significant relationships with on-ice performance. Heart rates ranged from 88 to 208 beats/min at the on-ice stations. Mean heart rate for older goalies (14 to 18 years of age) was 164 beats/min at the puck-shooting machine and 176 beats/min at other stations such as the slap-shot station.
Older goalies performed well at a high level of arousal. Better performing goalies were more experienced, had faster heart rates "in the net," and had lower scores on all measures of anxiety.
确定心理、情境和生理变量与青少年冰球守门员冰上表现之间的关系。
本研究旨在确定守门员表现的相关因素和预测指标。
由于团队运动中担任单人位置的运动员在赛前焦虑方面尚未得到深入分析，且守门员表现对比赛结果至关重要，我们在一个冰球训练营对43名守门员进行了研究。这些守门员完成了心理测量量表，以评估特质焦虑和状态焦虑、自信心、生活压力和社会支持。当守门员在冰上各训练站轮换时，动态心电图监测仪测量心率。在射门机器训练站对守门员进行录像，并计算其表现（扑救成功率）。
特质（躯体）焦虑和积极情绪状态（分享能力）与冰上表现存在不同但显著的关系。在冰上训练站时，心率范围为88至208次/分钟。年龄较大的守门员（14至18岁）在射门机器训练站的平均心率为164次/分钟，在其他训练站如抽射训练站的平均心率为176次/分钟。
年龄较大的守门员在高唤醒水平下表现良好。表现较好的守门员经验更丰富，在球门区时心率更快，且在所有焦虑测量指标上得分更低。
