Volpe F J
Adv Pract Nurs Q. 1995 Fall;1(2):1-9.
A brief history of the development and growth of health maintenance organizations (HMOs) is presented; their differences from traditional medical practice and insurance are addressed. Critical management needs for success are discussed. Other entities in managed care are noted, especially how they differ from HMOs. How advanced nursing has been included in HMOs is presented. Future opportunities in HMOs are addressed, emphasizing differences among models. Finally, roles for nurses, not necessarily advanced practice nurses (APNs) in its strict meaning, who also need additional training and experience to perform duties other than direct patient care, are mentioned.
本文介绍了健康维护组织（HMO）的发展与成长简史；阐述了它们与传统医疗实践及保险的差异。讨论了成功所需的关键管理需求。提及了管理式医疗中的其他实体，尤其是它们与HMO的不同之处。介绍了高级护理如何融入HMO。探讨了HMO未来的机遇，强调了不同模式之间的差异。最后，提到了护士的角色，这里不一定严格指高级实践护士（APN），她们除了直接的患者护理工作外，履行其他职责还需要额外的培训和经验。
