Hynan M T
J Exp Anal Behav. 1976 May;25(3):401-9. doi: 10.1901/jeab.1976.25-401.
In two studies, free-roaming male rats (aggressors) were shocked in the presence of male target rats restrained in either an upright or a supine posure. In addition, in Experiment II, two levels of aggressor shock intensity (0.8 mA or 2.0 mA) were used while targets received one of three levels of shock (0.5 mA, 1.5 mA, or 2.5 mA). In both studies, upright targets were attacked less than supine targets. Frequency of aggression was directly related to level of aggressor shock intensity in Experiment II. Also, attack by 0.8-mA aggressors against supine targets was inversely related to level of target shock intensity. The low level of attack against upright targets was interpreted in terms of a threat diaplay. Similarily, it was concluded that the target shock-intensity effect in Experiment II was due to specific threat behaviors displayed by those supine rats that received the highest-intensity shocks.
在两项研究中，自由活动的雄性大鼠（攻击者）在被限制为直立或仰卧姿势的雄性目标大鼠面前受到电击。此外，在实验II中，使用了两种强度的攻击者电击（0.8毫安或2.0毫安），而目标大鼠接受三种强度电击（0.5毫安、1.5毫安或2.5毫安）中的一种。在两项研究中，直立的目标大鼠比仰卧的目标大鼠受到的攻击更少。在实验II中，攻击频率与攻击者电击强度直接相关。此外，0.8毫安的攻击者对仰卧目标大鼠的攻击与目标大鼠电击强度呈负相关。对直立目标大鼠的低攻击水平被解释为一种威胁表现。同样，得出的结论是，实验II中的目标电击强度效应是由于那些接受最高强度电击的仰卧大鼠所表现出的特定威胁行为所致。
