Bhattacharyya D K
Nuclear Chemistry Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Bidhannagar, Calcutta, India.
Appl Radiat Isot. 1998 Mar;49(3):215-26. doi: 10.1016/s0969-8043(97)00243-1.
This article considers a number of key issues in the disposal of waste containing enhanced levels of naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM), including gaseous, liquid and solid media. A brief review is made of sources of natural radioactivity in the biosphere and of anthropogenic enhancement of the concentration of NORM in the various media. The factors controlling the mobility of radionuclide activity in the environment are examined and disposal options are considered, comparison also being made with disposal of nuclear fuel cycle materials, in particular the tailings of uranium mining. Current and proposed disposal practices and policies for NORM are cited, reference being made to experiences in a number of countries.
本文探讨了含有高水平天然存在放射性物质（NORM）的废物处置中的若干关键问题，包括气态、液态和固态介质。简要回顾了生物圈中天然放射性的来源以及各种介质中NORM浓度的人为增加情况。研究了控制环境中放射性核素活度迁移的因素，并考虑了处置方案，还与核燃料循环材料的处置，特别是铀矿尾矿的处置进行了比较。引用了当前和提议的NORM处置实践与政策，并提及了一些国家的经验。
