Pauly D, Christensen V, Dalsgaard J, Froese R, Torres F
D. Pauly and J. Dalsgaard, Fisheries Centre, 2204 Main Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z4. V. Christensen, R. Froese, F. Torres Jr., International Center for Living Aquatic Resources Management.
Science. 1998 Feb 6;279(5352):860-3. doi: 10.1126/science.279.5352.860.
The mean trophic level of the species groups reported in Food and Agricultural Organization global fisheries statistics declined from 1950 to 1994. This reflects a gradual transition in landings from long-lived, high trophic level, piscivorous bottom fish toward short-lived, low trophic level invertebrates and planktivorous pelagic fish. This effect, also found to be occurring in inland fisheries, is most pronounced in the Northern Hemisphere. Fishing down food webs (that is, at lower trophic levels) leads at first to increasing catches, then to a phase transition associated with stagnating or declining catches. These results indicate that present exploitation patterns are unsustainable.
根据联合国粮食及农业组织全球渔业统计数据，1950年至1994年间，所报告的物种组平均营养级有所下降。这反映出上岸渔获物逐渐从寿命长、营养级高的食鱼底栖鱼类，转向寿命短、营养级低的无脊椎动物和食浮游生物的中上层鱼类。这种现象在内陆渔业中也有发现，在北半球最为明显。捕捞食物链低端（即较低营养级）的鱼类，起初会使渔获量增加，随后会进入一个与渔获量停滞或下降相关的阶段转变。这些结果表明，目前的开发模式是不可持续的。
