Nucleotide sequence and infectivity of a full-length cDNA clone of panicum mosaic virus.

The sequence of an infectious cDNA clone of panicum mosaic virus (PMV) showed that the single-stranded RNA genome is 4326 nucleotides (nt) and a single highly abundant subgenomic (sg) RNA of 1475 nt was synthesized during PMV infection of pearl millet plants and protoplasts. Computer comparisons revealed strong similarities between the predicted amino acid sequences of the p48 and p112 open reading frames (ORFs) and replicase proteins of members of the Tombusviridae. The sgRNA has the potential to encode five proteins. Three small ORFs, p8, p8-FS, and/or p6.6 have similarity to ORFs of carmo-, necro-, and machlomoviruses thought to be involved in virus spread in plants. The sgRNA also has the potential to encode a 26-kDa capsid protein and a 15-kDa nested gene (p15) of unknown function. PMV transcripts also supported replication and movement of SPMV, the satellite virus. Genome organization, physicochemical properties, and biological features indicate that PMV is a member of the Tombusviridae family. However, PMV differs sufficiently from previously described members to warrant its placement in a new genus provisionally designated Panicovirus.