Dopaminergic involvement in withdrawal hypothermia and thermoregulatory behavior in morphine dependent rats.

Thermoregulatory behavior was assessed in the rat by measuring the time taken to escape from a radiant heat source. The time to excape and the rise in core temperature accompanying exposure to heat were greater in morphine dependent (1 X 75 mg SC pellet implant for 72 hr) than in control rats. Injection of naloxone (1 mg/kg) into dependent rats produced a withdrawal hypothermia and decreased the time taken to escape from the heat source. Since rats undergoing withdrawal avoided heat at the same time that their core temperature was falling, the hypothermia is most likely due to a downward setting of the central thermostats rather than a direct activation of heat loss pathways. Both the withdrawal hypothermia and the behavioral changes were blocked by pimozide pretreatment (0.5 mg/kg) implicating a dopaminergic mechanism in the downward setting of the thermostats. Administration of naloxone 144 hr after pellet implantation produced similar effects to those in the 72 hr implanted group. Injection of morphine sulfate (4 mg/kg) 144 hr after implantation increased both the core temperature and the time taken to escape from heat suggesting that the effect of morphine in the dependent rat is to produce an upward setting of the thermostats.