Ary M, Cox B, Lomax P
J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1977 Feb;200(2):271-6.
Rats were made dependent on morphine by implantation of a pellet and withdrawal was precipitated by the injection of naloxone 72 hours later. Withdrawal was assessed by scoring each of the following signs individually: chewing, licking, teeth chattering, facial tremor, grooming, writhing, diarrhea, weight loss, wet dog shakes, head shakes and hypothermia. The role of dopamine in withdrawal was determined by pretreating the animals with apomorphine or pimozide. Apomorphine in the lower dose range (0.625-1.25 mg/kg) produced a significant decrease in teeth chattering, writhing, weight loss and wet dog shakes. The high dose of apomorphine (2.5 mg/kg) significantly inhibited all features of the withdrawal except writhing and weight loss. Pimozide caused a significant increase in chewing, writhing and head shakes, but only with the highest dose used (0.5 mg/kg). Pimozide (0.5 mg/kg) significantly reduced withdrawal hypothermia, but apomorphine had no effect on this sign except at the highest dose when withdrawal hypothermia was increased.
通过植入药 pellet 使大鼠对吗啡产生依赖性，72 小时后注射纳洛酮引发戒断反应。通过分别对以下每个体征进行评分来评估戒断反应：咀嚼、舔舐、牙齿打颤、面部震颤、梳理毛发、扭体、腹泻、体重减轻、湿狗样抖动、头部抖动和体温过低。通过用阿扑吗啡或匹莫齐特预处理动物来确定多巴胺在戒断反应中的作用。较低剂量范围（0.625 - 1.25 毫克/千克）的阿扑吗啡可使牙齿打颤、扭体、体重减轻和湿狗样抖动显著减少。高剂量的阿扑吗啡（2.5 毫克/千克）可显著抑制除扭体和体重减轻外的所有戒断特征。匹莫齐特可使咀嚼、扭体和头部抖动显著增加，但仅在使用的最高剂量（0.5 毫克/千克）时出现。匹莫齐特（0.5 毫克/千克）可显著减轻戒断性体温过低，但阿扑吗啡对该体征无影响，除非在最高剂量时会使戒断性体温过低加剧。
