Hinshelwood R D
Int J Psychoanal. 1997 Oct;78 ( Pt 5):877-97.
The author traces a debate about the concept of 'internal objects' that took place between 1937 and 1943 at a time when a group of British analysts was forming around Melanie Klein. The debate is set within a complex of personal, group and organisational dynamics, which the paper makes a start on unravelling. The history of the British Psycho-Analytical Society at this time exemplifies Bion's notion of group schism. The events in the Society's history demonstrate defensive aspects of the interaction between the opposed groups, which support members against various anxieties. These include the stress of the work of analysis, but also in this instance the particular anxieties deriving from the collapse of psychoanalysis in Europe, the state of war of the country as a whole, and the death of Freud shortly after he came to London. This psychoanalytic anxiety/defence model clarifies some aspects of the debate about internal objects, and demonstrates the way in which these various anxieties and defences become organised around a scientific debate in a scientific society.
作者追溯了一场关于“内在客体”概念的辩论，这场辩论发生在1937年至1943年间，当时一群英国精神分析学家围绕梅兰妮·克莱因逐渐形成。这场辩论置于个人、团体和组织动态的复杂情境之中，本文开始着手梳理这一情境。此时英国精神分析学会的历史例证了比昂的团体分裂概念。学会历史上的这些事件展示了对立团体之间互动的防御层面，这些防御支持成员抵御各种焦虑。这些焦虑包括精神分析工作的压力，在这种情况下还包括源自欧洲精神分析学瓦解、整个国家的战争状态以及弗洛伊德抵达伦敦后不久离世所产生的特殊焦虑。这种精神分析焦虑/防御模型阐明了关于内在客体辩论的某些方面，并展示了这些各种焦虑和防御如何围绕一个科学学会中的科学辩论得以组织起来。
