de Mûelenaere K R
Department of Orthodontics, University of Pretoria.
J Dent Assoc S Afr. 1997 Jan;52(1):9-14.
An effective preventive and interceptive (P & I) orthodontic programme for young children would reduce the need for comprehensive orthodontic treatment. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of the development of preventable malocclusions amongst a group of children at the mixed dentition stage. An examination (T1) was performed on 951 8-9 year old children from 9 primary schools in Pretoria. Of these, 493 children could be traced for re-examination 2 years later (T2). The following changes in the occlusion were noted: In 12.1 per cent of the 493 children, an acceptable occlusion at T1 had developed into a malocclusion at T2. A malocclusion was recorded for 97 per cent of the sample at T2, yet only 32.4 per cent of the subjects had received orthodontic treatment between T1 and T2. A mere 3.3 per cent of the children examined were treated at state clinics. In 64.6 per cent of cases the malocclusion was not diagnosed nor addressed. It is suggested that bi-annual orthodontic screening of all 7-12 year old children and implementation of P & I orthodontic treatment at community clinics would contribute to achieving the primary health care objectives of the Reconstruction and Development Programme for South Africa.
一项针对幼儿的有效预防和阻断性正畸计划将减少全面正畸治疗的需求。本研究的目的是确定一组处于混合牙列期儿童中可预防错颌畸形的发生率。对来自比勒陀利亚9所小学的951名8至9岁儿童进行了检查（T1）。其中，493名儿童在2年后可被追踪进行复查（T2）。记录到以下咬合变化：在493名儿童中，12.1%在T1时可接受的咬合在T2时发展为错颌畸形。在T2时，样本中97%记录有错颌畸形，但在T1和T2之间只有32.4%的受试者接受了正畸治疗。接受检查的儿童中仅有3.3%在国家诊所接受治疗。在64.6%的病例中，错颌畸形未被诊断也未得到处理。建议对所有7至12岁儿童进行每两年一次的正畸筛查，并在社区诊所实施预防和阻断性正畸治疗，这将有助于实现南非重建与发展计划的初级卫生保健目标。
