Slone R M, Gierada D S, Yusen R D
Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
Radiol Clin North Am. 1998 Jan;36(1):57-89. doi: 10.1016/s0033-8389(05)70007-5.
For patients with emphysema, imaging studies have been useful for diagnostic purposes and for preoperative patient selection for surgical intervention, such as bullectomy, lung transplantation, and LVRS. Chest radiography is useful in evaluating hyperinflation. Inspiratory and expiratory films are used to estimate diaphragmatic excursion and air-trapping. CT scan is used to evaluate the anatomy and distribution of emphysema throughout the lungs, providing information clinically unobtainable by other means. Both imaging techniques are useful for detecting other disease processes. Radionuclide lung scanning also provides an estimate of target areas, volume occupying but nonfunctioning lung. Cohort studies utilizing these imaging techniques have demonstrated associations between preoperative characteristics and postoperative outcome. The imaging studies, especially the chest radiograph, have also played an important role in postoperative management. Many other imaging options are available, such as HRCT scan, quantitative CT scan, and single photon emission CT scan. Other techniques, such as MR imaging, may play a future role as well.
对于肺气肿患者，影像学检查在诊断以及术前患者选择以进行手术干预（如肺大疱切除术、肺移植和肺减容术）方面都很有用。胸部X线摄影有助于评估肺过度充气。吸气和呼气片用于估计膈肌活动度和气体潴留情况。CT扫描用于评估肺气肿在全肺的解剖结构和分布，提供其他方法在临床上无法获得的信息。这两种影像学技术都有助于检测其他疾病过程。放射性核素肺扫描也能对目标区域进行估计，即占据一定体积但无功能的肺组织。利用这些影像学技术的队列研究已证明术前特征与术后结果之间存在关联。影像学检查，尤其是胸部X线摄影，在术后管理中也发挥了重要作用。还有许多其他影像学选择，如高分辨率CT扫描、定量CT扫描和单光子发射CT扫描。其他技术，如磁共振成像，未来可能也会发挥作用。
