Keet D F, Boomker J, Kriek N P, Zakrisson G, Meltzer D G
Office of the State Veterinarian, Kruger National Park, Skukuza, South Africa.
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 1997 Sep;64(3):217-25.
This is the first report on the occurrence of Parafilaria bassoni in the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer). Previously this parasite has been recorded only in springbok (Antidorcas marsupialis) in Namibia. Haemorrhagic perforations (bleeding points), the usual lesions seen in infected animals, were caused by gravid female parasites ovipositing embryonated eggs. These lesions occurred mainly on the dorsal and lateral sides of buffaloes. Complications of these lesions developed in a small number of buffaloes because of secondary bacterial infection [subcutaneous abscesses (3/178)] and as a consequence of a localized Type 1 hypersensitivity [large cutaneous ulcers (7/178)]. Red-billed oxpeckers (Buphagus erythrorynchus) appeared to play an important role in the epidemiology of this parasite as well as in the pathogenesis of the lesions. They reduced the likelihood of spread by ingesting blood containing embryonated eggs, and caused the development of large ulcers by feeding on superficial necrotic skin. From the results of an ELISA test it was determined that P. bassoni-infected buffaloes occur throughout the Kruger National Park complex, with a seroprevalence of approximately 34%.
这是关于巴氏副丝虫在非洲水牛（非洲水牛属）体内出现的首份报告。此前，这种寄生虫仅在纳米比亚的跳羚（南非小羚羊属）体内有记录。出血性穿孔（出血点）是受感染动物常见的病变，由怀有胚胎的雌虫产卵所致。这些病变主要出现在水牛的背部和侧面。少数水牛因继发细菌感染[皮下脓肿（3/178）]以及局部1型超敏反应[大面积皮肤溃疡（7/178）]而出现这些病变的并发症。红嘴牛椋鸟（红嘴牛椋鸟属）似乎在这种寄生虫的流行病学以及病变的发病机制中发挥了重要作用。它们通过摄取含有胚胎卵的血液降低了传播的可能性，并通过啃食浅表坏死皮肤导致大面积溃疡的形成。通过酶联免疫吸附测定试验的结果确定，感染巴氏副丝虫的水牛遍布克鲁格国家公园区域，血清阳性率约为34%。
