Kaiser R, Geiger W, Künzig H J, Schulze H O
Arch Gynakol. 1976 Apr 29;220(4):281-8. doi: 10.1007/BF00673412.
Serial determinations of FSH, LH, estradiol-17 beta and progesterone in plasma and of total gonadotropins, total estrogens and pregnanediol in urine were performed in 10 adolescent girls between 15 and 19 years of age. Two types of menstrual cycles could be distinguished. The first type is characterized by a nearly normal pattern of FSH, while a preovulatory rise of estradiol-17 beta and an LH-peak is still missing. Only few days prior to menstrual bleeding a small rise of estradiol and progesterone in plasma as well as of estrogens and pregnanediol in urine can be seen, being equivalent to a short luteinization of the follicle without ovulation taking place. The second type already shows all criteria of a regular ovulatory cycle. However the plasma level of LH, estradiol and progesterone and the excretion of estrogens and pregnanediol are still below the average values of control cycles of adult women. On the basis of the hormonal pattern and a shortened luteal phase, a relative insufficiency of this type of cycles is still evident. These studies demonstrate, that the cyclic ovarian function postmenarchial develops gradually and that the onset of ovulation is a marked step in this development. This process of maturition, which is due to the gradual development of the positive feedback of estrogens on the release of LH by the pituitary gland, allows to distinguish in adolescence between cycles before and after maturition of the feed-back mechanism in the ANS.
对10名年龄在15至19岁之间的青春期女孩进行了血浆中促卵泡生成素（FSH）、促黄体生成素（LH）、雌二醇-17β和孕酮以及尿中总促性腺激素、总雌激素和孕二醇的系列测定。可区分出两种类型的月经周期。第一种类型的特征是FSH模式近乎正常，而雌二醇-17β的排卵前升高和LH峰值仍未出现。仅在月经出血前几天，可观察到血浆中雌二醇和孕酮以及尿中雌激素和孕二醇有小幅升高，这相当于卵泡进行了短暂的黄体化但未发生排卵。第二种类型已显示出规律排卵周期的所有标准。然而，LH、雌二醇和孕酮的血浆水平以及雌激素和孕二醇的排泄仍低于成年女性对照周期的平均值。基于激素模式和黄体期缩短，这种类型的周期仍明显存在相对不足。这些研究表明，初潮后卵巢的周期性功能是逐渐发展的，排卵的开始是这一发展过程中的一个显著步骤。这种成熟过程是由于雌激素对垂体释放LH的正反馈逐渐发展所致，这使得在青春期能够区分自主神经系统中反馈机制成熟前后的周期。
