Calley K H, Bowen D M, Darby M L, Miller D L
Department of Dental Hygiene, Idaho State University, Pocatello, USA.
J Dent Hyg. 1996 Jul-Aug;70(4):151-60.
The objective of this study was to identity specific factors that contribute to dental hygienists remaining in the same private practice employment setting for five or more years. Working conditions, the employer and the organizational structure of the employment setting, scope of practice, and personal factors were assessed.
In 1992, a self-designed questionnaire was sent to a sample of 1,200 licensed dental hygienists. One state was randomly chosen from each of the 12 American Dental Hygienists' Association (ADHA) regions of the United States, and 100 licensed dental hygienists were randomly selected from each of these twelve states. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis (frequency distribution) and multivariate analyses (factor analyses).
A 62.9% (n = 755) response rate was obtained from the 1200 questionnaires mailed. Of those dental hygienists, 14.3% (n = 108) were not practicing, and 85.7% (n = 647) were currently practicing. Nearly two-thirds (63.3%; n = 480) of the total number of respondents had been practicing five or more years in the same practice setting. Six major factors were identified by dental hygienists as reasons for remaining in one private practice setting for at least five years (1) quality/safe work environment, (2) time management for high-quality dental hygiene services, (3) effective employer office policies/procedures and personnel management, (4) employer support of professional career, (5) supportive work environment, and (6) variety in scope of practice.
Factors identified in this study as influential in dental hygienists' retention in private practice are similar to those identified as reasons for leaving the profession in previous attrition and reentry studies. To increase retention and job satisfaction of dental hygienists in the private practice setting, strategies for effectively working with employers should be emphasized in dental hygiene and dental curriculums and in continuing education programs.
本研究的目的是确定促使口腔保健员在同一私人诊所工作五年或更长时间的具体因素。对工作条件、雇主、工作单位的组织结构、执业范围和个人因素进行了评估。
1992年，向1200名持牌口腔保健员样本发放了自行设计的问卷。从美国牙科保健员协会（ADHA）的12个地区中随机选择一个州，然后从这12个州中的每个州随机选择100名持牌口腔保健员。使用单变量分析（频率分布）和多变量分析（因子分析）对数据进行分析。
在邮寄的1200份问卷中，获得了62.9%（n = 755）的回复率。在这些口腔保健员中，14.3%（n = 108）未从事该工作，85.7%（n = 647）目前正在执业。在总受访者中，近三分之二（63.3%；n = 480）在同一执业环境中工作了五年或更长时间。口腔保健员确定了六个主要因素，作为在一个私人诊所环境中至少工作五年的原因：（1）优质/安全的工作环境；（2）高质量口腔卫生服务的时间管理；（3）有效的雇主办公室政策/程序和人员管理；（4）雇主对职业发展的支持；（5）支持性的工作环境；（6）执业范围的多样性。
本研究中确定的影响口腔保健员留在私人诊所工作的因素，与之前流失和重新入职研究中确定的离开该职业的原因相似。为了提高口腔保健员在私人诊所环境中的留用率和工作满意度，应在口腔卫生和牙科课程以及继续教育项目中强调与雇主有效合作的策略。
