幼年牛（Bos taurus）后肢中各肌肉与非肌肉组织间的血流分布：体温调节时及冷暴露期间的值。

The distribution of blood flow between individual muscles and non-muscular tissues in the hind limb of the young ox (Bos taurus): values at thermoneurality and during exposuer to cold.

作者信息

Bell A W, Hilditch T E, Horton P W, Thompson G E

出版信息

J Physiol. 1976 May;257(1):229-43. doi: 10.1113/jphysiol.1976.sp011365.

DOI:10.1113/jphysiol.1976.sp011365

PMID:948055

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1309353/

Abstract

The radioactive microspheres method was used to measure the distribution of blood flow in the hind leg in conscious young steers exposed to thermoneutral and moderately cold environments. Simultaneous measurement of total leg blood flow allowed calculation of blood flow (ml. 100 g tissue-1 min-1) to individual muscles and the major non-muscular tissues in the leg. 2. In the thermoneutral environment, leg blood flow was distributed approximately according to tissue weight, so that about 65% went to muscle and the remainder to bone, skin, connective tissue and fat; 1-7-11-5% of the injected dose of microspheres was found in the lungs, indicating the presence of functioning arteriovenous anastomoses in the leg. 3. During cold exposure leg blood flow increased two-and-a-half fold and 91% of this increase was due to increased blood flow in muscle. This was accompanied by substantial decreases in both total and capillary blood flow in leg skin in three of the four animals. 4. Values for resting tissue blood flow to the six largest individual leg muscles were compared, as well as that for tissue blood flow to the remaining leg muscle. Blood flow in the three large upper thigh muscles (biceps femoris, semimembranosus and semitendinosus) was about half that in muscles in the rest of the leg. 5. Cold exposure caused a threefold increase in total leg muscle blood flow, but the only individual muscles to respond substantially in all four animals were the vastus lateralis and the rectus femoris. Comparison of results from individual animals suggested a relation between total leg blood flow and the number of muscles (apart from vastus lateralis and rectus femoris) involved in shivering. Leg adipose tissue blood flow also increased significantly in the cold.

摘要

采用放射性微球法测量处于热中性和中度寒冷环境中的清醒青年公牛后腿的血流分布。同时测量腿部总血流量，从而能够计算出腿部各个肌肉以及主要非肌肉组织的血流量（毫升·100克组织⁻¹·分钟⁻¹）。2. 在热中性环境中，腿部血流量大致根据组织重量分布，约65%流向肌肉，其余流向骨骼、皮肤、结缔组织和脂肪；注入的微球剂量的1 - 7 - 11 - 5%在肺部被发现，表明腿部存在功能性动静脉吻合。3. 在冷暴露期间，腿部血流量增加了2.5倍，其中91%的增加是由于肌肉血流量增加。这伴随着四只动物中有三只的腿部皮肤总血流量和毛细血管血流量大幅下降。4. 比较了六条最大的腿部单个肌肉的静息组织血流量值，以及其余腿部肌肉的组织血流量值。大腿上部三块大肌肉（股二头肌、半膜肌和半腱肌）的血流量约为腿部其余肌肉血流量的一半。5. 冷暴露使腿部肌肉总血流量增加了三倍，但在所有四只动物中唯一有显著反应的单个肌肉是股外侧肌和股直肌。对个体动物结果的比较表明，腿部总血流量与参与颤抖的肌肉数量（除股外侧肌和股直肌外）之间存在关联。腿部脂肪组织血流量在寒冷环境中也显著增加。