Labisch A
Institut für Geschichte der Medizin, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf.
Gesundheitswesen. 1997 Dec;59(12):679-85.
Robert Koch (1843-1910) had by the end of the 1870 invented a definite and reproducible method of determine bacteria. During the first decades after the origin of bacteriology he and his disciples developed in practice a strictly monocausal theory: where there is a specific germ, only the specific disease occurs. The importance of Adolf Gottstein (1857-1941) must be viewed against this background. As a general practitioner Gottstein noticed that there are considerable differences between the single specific infection and its massive spread as an epidemic. As one of the first clinical epidemiologists he learnt how to verify his experience and presumptions by systematical, quantitative analyses. His epidemiologically founded publications were a key factor in the process of abandoning the monocausal theory of illness of the early period of the Koch era and giving way to a multicausal view. The dynamic aetiology of Gottstein was a major contribution to the development of social hygiene and public health care.
罗伯特·科赫（1843 - 1910）在19世纪70年代末发明了一种确定细菌的明确且可重复的方法。在细菌学起源后的头几十年里，他和他的弟子们在实践中发展出了一种严格的单病因理论：哪里有特定的病菌，就只会出现特定的疾病。阿道夫·戈特斯坦（1857 - 1941）的重要性必须在这一背景下看待。作为一名全科医生，戈特斯坦注意到单一特定感染与其作为流行病大规模传播之间存在相当大的差异。作为首批临床流行病学家之一，他学会了如何通过系统的定量分析来验证自己的经验和推测。他基于流行病学的出版物是抛弃科赫时代早期疾病单病因理论并转向多病因观点过程中的一个关键因素。戈特斯坦的动态病因学对社会卫生学和公共卫生保健的发展做出了重大贡献。
