[Uretero-arterial fistulas: report of 2 cases and review of the literature].

Uretero-arterial fistulas are rare. The authors report two new cases complicating iliac vascular surgery. These fistulas occurred in a particular context: aorto-iliac disease, neoplasm and pelvic radiotherapy. Prolonged ureteric catheterisation is a risk factor found in 65% of cases. The clinical diagnosis is difficult and must be suggested in the presence of episodes of haematuria, sometimes minimal and intermittent, but often cataclysmic. The clinical context is highly suggestive of the diagnosis. The most useful complementary investigations are arteriography and retrograde ureteropyelography. Surgical treatment is complex, as it is performed in an emergency context in patients with a poor general state and it must treat both the vascular and the urological problem. Embolization can be proposed in some cases. The prognosis remains serious due to the frequency and severity of postoperative complications, which is why this disease must be investigated in all patients at risk.