Rogers E, Moon A M, Mullee M A, Speller V M, Roderick P J
Wessex Institute for Health Research and Development, Highcroft, Winchester, Hants.
Public Health. 1998 Jan;112(1):37-40.
The concept of the 'Health Promoting School' has been widely advocated as an approach to enhancing public health through school based health promotion. In many areas 'Healthy Schools Award' schemes have been set up to support the development of this concept, but there is no information on how widespread this practice is in the UK, how standards are evaluated, and what effect Healthy Schools Awards may have on young peoples' health. This UK national survey aimed to determine the extent and nature of existing award schemes and how they were being evaluated. A postal questionnaire was sent to all 200 health promotion units in the UK; the response rate corrected for mergers of units was 78.5%. Sixty-eight respondents (51%) were involved with an award scheme and 28 (21%) were planning them. Current award schemes were mostly jointly run by the health and education sectors, encompassing 845 participating schools of which two-thirds were primary schools. The most common issues addressed were; standard chronic disease risk behaviour, the environment and health education in the national curriculum; less frequently addressed were mental health, accident prevention, staff health and developing links with the wider community. Evaluation was usually by target setting and assessment of progress over a two year period. However, evaluation was rarely external or independent, raising doubts about the standards obtained and validity of the approaches. This survey highlights the rapid growth of healthy schools award schemes and the need for wider exchange of information on good practice. In particular there is a need for more explicit and measurable standards of achievement to ensure the quality of award schemes, and further research into their effectiveness.
“健康促进学校”的理念已被广泛倡导，作为一种通过学校健康促进来提升公众健康的方法。在许多地区，已经设立了“健康学校奖”计划来支持这一理念的发展，但对于这种做法在英国的普及程度、标准如何评估以及“健康学校奖”可能对年轻人健康产生何种影响，尚无相关信息。这项英国全国性调查旨在确定现有奖励计划的范围和性质以及它们是如何被评估的。向英国所有200个健康促进单位发送了邮政问卷；经单位合并校正后的回复率为78.5%。68名受访者（51%）参与了一个奖励计划，28名（21%）正在计划实施。当前的奖励计划大多由卫生和教育部门联合开展，涵盖845所参与学校，其中三分之二是小学。涉及的最常见问题有：标准的慢性病风险行为、环境以及国家课程中的健康教育；较少涉及的有心理健康、事故预防、员工健康以及与更广泛社区建立联系。评估通常是通过设定目标以及评估两年期间的进展情况。然而，评估很少是外部的或独立的，这引发了对所获标准和方法有效性的质疑。这项调查凸显了健康学校奖励计划的迅速增长以及对良好实践进行更广泛信息交流的必要性。特别是需要更明确、可衡量的成就标准以确保奖励计划的质量，并对其有效性进行进一步研究。
