Ostroff S M, Kozarsky P
National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1998 Mar;12(1):231-41. doi: 10.1016/s0891-5520(05)70420-7.
International movement of individuals, populations, and products is one of the major factors associated with the emergence and reemergence of infectious diseases as the pace of global travel and commerce increases rapidly. Travel can be associated with disease emergence because (1) the disease arises in an area of heavy tourism, (2) tourists may be at heightened risk because of their activities, or (3) because they can act as vectors to transport the agent to new areas. Examples of recently recognized diseases with relationship to travel include HIV, Legionnaire's disease, cyclosporiasis, Vibrio cholerae O139 Bengal, hantavirus, and variant Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease. Reemerging diseases include dengue fever, malaria, cholera, schistosomiasis, leptospirosis, and viral hemorrhagic fevers. In addition, tuberculosis, drug-resistant shigellosis, and cholera have been major concerns in refugee and migrant populations. Because of the unique role of travel in emerging infections, efforts are underway to address this factor by agencies such as the CDC, WHO, the International Society of Travel Medicine, and the travel industry.
随着全球旅行和商业节奏迅速加快，人员、人群及产品的国际流动是与传染病的出现及再度出现相关的主要因素之一。旅行可能与疾病出现相关，原因如下：（1）疾病在旅游业发达的地区出现；（2）游客因其活动可能面临更高风险；或者（3）因为他们可作为传播媒介将病原体传播到新的地区。近期确认的与旅行有关的疾病包括艾滋病病毒、军团病、环孢子虫病、霍乱弧菌O139孟加拉型、汉坦病毒和变异型克雅氏病。再度出现的疾病包括登革热、疟疾、霍乱、血吸虫病、钩端螺旋体病和病毒性出血热。此外，结核病、耐药志贺菌病和霍乱一直是难民和移民人群中的主要问题。由于旅行在新发感染中所起的独特作用，美国疾病控制与预防中心、世界卫生组织、国际旅行医学协会和旅游业等机构正在努力应对这一因素。
