Gabrieli J D
Department of Psychology, Stanford University, California 94305, USA.
Annu Rev Psychol. 1998;49:87-115. doi: 10.1146/annurev.psych.49.1.87.
Current knowledge is summarized about long-term memory systems of the human brain, with memory systems defined as specific neural networks that support specific mnemonic processes. The summary integrates convergent evidence from neuropsychological studies of patients with brain lesions and from functional neuroimaging studies using positron emission tomography (PET) or functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Evidence is reviewed about the specific roles of hippocampal and parahippocampal regions, the amygdala, the basal ganglia, and various neocortical areas in declarative memory. Evidence is also reviewed about which brain regions mediate specific kinds of procedural memory, including sensorimotor, perceptual, and cognitive skill learning; perceptual and conceptual repetition priming; and several forms of conditioning. Findings are discussed in terms of the functional neural architecture of normal memory, age-related changes in memory performance, and neurological conditions that affect memory such as amnesia. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's disease.
本文总结了关于人类大脑长期记忆系统的现有知识，其中记忆系统被定义为支持特定记忆过程的特定神经网络。该总结整合了来自脑损伤患者神经心理学研究以及使用正电子发射断层扫描（PET）或功能磁共振成像（fMRI）的功能神经影像学研究的趋同证据。回顾了海马体和海马旁区域、杏仁核、基底神经节以及各个新皮层区域在陈述性记忆中的具体作用的证据。还回顾了哪些脑区介导特定类型的程序性记忆的证据，包括感觉运动、感知和认知技能学习；感知和概念重复启动；以及几种形式的条件作用。从正常记忆的功能性神经结构、记忆表现的年龄相关变化以及影响记忆的神经疾病（如失忆症、阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病和亨廷顿病）等方面对研究结果进行了讨论。
