Dermen K H, Cooper M L, Agocha V B
Research Institute on Addictions, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.
J Stud Alcohol. 1998 Jan;59(1):71-7. doi: 10.15288/jsa.1998.59.71.
Alcohol is frequently identified as a potential contributor to HIV-related sexual risk taking. Drawing on alcohol expectancy explanations for postdrinking behavior, the present study tested the hypothesis that adolescents who drink alcohol on a given occasion will be more likely to engage in sexual risk-taking behavior to the extent that they believe that alcohol disinhibits sexual behavior or promotes sexual risk taking.
The combined effects of sex-related alcohol expectancies and alcohol use in sexual situations were investigated using interview data from a representative sample of 907 (476 male) sexually experienced adolescents (13 to 19 years) who had ever consumed alcohol.
Regression analyses on a composite measure of risk taking revealed that for two of three intercourse occasions examined alcohol use was associated with greater risk taking primarily among respondents who expected alcohol to increase risky sexual behavior.
The results lend support to expectancy theories of alcohol's effects on sexual risk taking and raise the possibility that providing overly simplistic warnings that "alcohol leads to risky sex" may paradoxically increase the likelihood that individuals will fail to act prudently when intoxicated. Preventive interventions might beneficially focus on weakening, rather than strengthening, individuals' expectancies with regard to the impact of alcohol on sexual behavior, so that self-protective behavior will be more likely to occur even during intoxication.
酒精常被认为是导致与艾滋病病毒相关的性冒险行为的一个潜在因素。基于对饮酒后行为的酒精预期解释，本研究检验了这样一个假设：在特定场合饮酒的青少年，在他们认为酒精会抑制性行为或促进性冒险行为的程度上，更有可能从事性冒险行为。
利用来自907名（476名男性）有性经历的饮酒青少年（13至19岁）的代表性样本的访谈数据，研究了与性相关的酒精预期和性情境中饮酒的综合影响。
对冒险行为综合指标的回归分析显示，在所考察的三次性交场合中的两次，饮酒主要与那些预期酒精会增加危险性性行为的受访者中更大的冒险行为相关。
研究结果支持了酒精对性冒险行为影响的预期理论，并提出这样一种可能性，即提供过于简单化的“酒精导致危险性行为”的警告可能会自相矛盾地增加个体在醉酒时不谨慎行事的可能性。预防性干预可能有益地侧重于削弱而非强化个体对酒精对性行为影响的预期，以便即使在醉酒期间也更有可能发生自我保护行为。
