Heldt J S, Pruitt R J, Birkelo C P, Johnson P S, Wicks Z W
Department of Animal and Range Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings 57007-0392, USA.
J Anim Sci. 1998 Feb;76(2):378-87. doi: 10.2527/1998.762378x.
We conducted two studies to compare wheat middlings as a low-protein, highly digestible fiber supplement to soybean meal and corn-soybean meal supplement for cows grazing winter range. In two 60-d winter grazing trials (December to February) cows (BW 500 kg) were allotted by age and weight to a 2 x 4 factorial with two forage availabilities and four supplements. Cows received either soybean meal (SBM), corn-soybean meal (CS), low wheat middlings (LWM), or high wheat middlings (HWM). The SBM and LWM supplements were formulated to provide the same daily CP, and CS and HWM provided the same daily CP and ME. In a 4 x 4 Latin square, four ruminally fistulated steers (BW 765 kg) received the same supplements and had free access to mature prairie hay. Cows grazing the high forage pasture gained more (P < .01) weight than cows grazing the low forage pasture. Cows supplemented with HWM gained less weight (P = .05) than cows supplemented with a similar amount of CP and ME from CS. Weight change of cows receiving SBM or LWM was similar. Increasing the amount of wheat middlings from LWM to HWM increased weight change (P = .04). In Exp. 2, SBM and LWM had similar total digestible DMI (DDMI). Steers supplemented with CS had higher total (P = .08) DDMI than HWM. Supplementation with HWM resulted in lower total (P = .02) DDMI than LWM. Response to SBM and LWM was similar. The CS and HWM resulted in beneficial performance responses as well as increasing the level of wheat middlings from low to high.
我们进行了两项研究，以比较小麦麸作为低蛋白、高消化率纤维补充料，与豆粕以及玉米 - 豆粕补充料相比，对冬季牧场放牧奶牛的效果。在两项为期60天的冬季放牧试验（12月至2月）中，体重500千克的奶牛按年龄和体重分配到一个2×4析因试验设计中，有两种牧草可利用量和四种补充料。奶牛分别接受豆粕（SBM）、玉米 - 豆粕（CS）、低量小麦麸（LWM）或高量小麦麸（HWM）。SBM和LWM补充料的配方设计为提供相同的每日粗蛋白（CP）量，CS和HWM提供相同的每日CP和代谢能（ME）。在一个4×4拉丁方试验中，四头装有瘤胃瘘管的阉牛（体重765千克）接受相同的补充料，并可自由采食成熟的草原干草。在高牧草牧场放牧的奶牛比在低牧草牧场放牧的奶牛增重更多（P < 0.01）。补充HWM的奶牛比补充等量CP和ME的CS奶牛增重更少（P = 0.05）。接受SBM或LWM的奶牛体重变化相似。将小麦麸的量从LWM增加到HWM会增加体重变化（P = 0.04）。在试验2中，SBM和LWM的总可消化干物质摄入量（DDMI）相似。补充CS的阉牛总DDMI比HWM高（P = 0.08）。补充HWM导致总DDMI比LWM低（P = 0.02）。对SBM和LWM的反应相似。CS和HWM在从小麦麸低水平增加到高水平时，都产生了有益的生产性能反应。
