从出生到体重达145千克的猪的常量和微量矿物质组成。

Macro- and micromineral composition of pigs from birth to 145 kilograms of body weight.

作者信息

Mahan D C, Shields R G

机构信息

Animal Sciences Department, The Ohio State University and The Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Columbus 43210-1095, USA.

出版信息

J Anim Sci. 1998 Feb;76(2):506-12. doi: 10.2527/1998.762506x.

DOI:10.2527/1998.762506x

PMID:9498359

Abstract

Body mineral composition was determined in 81 pigs killed at birth, weaning (28 d), and at approximately 15-kg intervals to 145 kg of BW. Total body components, including internal tissue, whole blood, and hair, were wet-ashed and analyzed for their mineral contents with the inductive coupled plasma method, except for Se, which was determined by fluorometric analysis. The results demonstrated that the body protein:ash ratio increased from birth to 20 kg BW, remained constant to 125 kg, but then declined to 145 kg BW (P < .01). The K:Na ratio increased from birth to 105 kg BW and then reached a plateau (P < .01). The Ca:P ratio decreased from birth to 20 kg then remained relatively constant to 90 kg BW, whereupon it increased (P < .01). These ratios reflected the rate of development of muscle and bone tissue and the higher soft tissue requirement for P and K during early growth. When expressed on a fat-free tissue basis, body Na was higher than K at birth, but thereafter body K increased linearly (P < .01) and Na content declined (P < .01). When Mg, Mn, Mo, and Cr were expressed on a fat-free empty body weight basis, each increased from birth but they maintained the same relative concentrations from 20 to 145 kg BW (P < .01). Body Fe increased from birth to 20 kg BW but then gradually declined to 145 kg BW (P < .01), whereas Zn increased to 145 kg BW (P < .01). Selenium increased from birth to weaning and again after 105 kg BW (P < .01). The amount of Co in the fat-free empty body increased linearly (P < .01) with increasing pig weight, and body Cu decreased to 75 kg BW and then reached a plateau (P < .01). The nonessential elements Al, Sr, and Sn increased dramatically from birth to weaning with a low rate of increase from 8.5 to 145 kg BW (P < .01), but Sn decreased after weaning (P < .01). The nonessential elements generally had a more variable concentration than the dietary essential trace minerals. There was a quantitative increase (P < .01) in all macro- and microelements from birth to 145 kg BW.

摘要

对81头猪进行了体矿物质成分测定，这些猪分别在出生时、断奶时（28日龄）以及体重每隔约15千克直至145千克体重时宰杀。全身各组分，包括内部组织、全血和毛发，经湿灰化处理后，采用电感耦合等离子体法分析其矿物质含量，但硒采用荧光分析法测定。结果表明，体蛋白与灰分的比例从出生到体重20千克时增加，在体重125千克前保持恒定，之后降至体重145千克时（P < 0.01）。钾与钠的比例从出生到体重105千克时增加，然后达到稳定水平（P < 0.01）。钙与磷的比例从出生到体重20千克时下降，然后在体重90千克前保持相对恒定，随后上升（P < 0.01）。这些比例反映了肌肉和骨骼组织的发育速度以及早期生长期间软组织对磷和钾的更高需求。以无脂肪组织为基础表示时，出生时体钠高于体钾，但此后体钾呈线性增加（P < 0.01），钠含量下降（P < 0.01）。当以无脂肪空体重为基础表示镁、锰、钼和铬时，它们从出生起均增加，但在体重20至145千克期间保持相同的相对浓度（P < 0.01）。体铁从出生到体重20千克时增加，但随后逐渐降至体重145千克时（P < 0.01），而锌增加至体重145千克时（P < 0.01）。硒从出生到断奶时增加，在体重105千克后再次增加（P < 0.01）。无脂肪空体中的钴含量随猪体重增加呈线性增加（P < 0.01），体铜在体重75千克时下降，然后达到稳定水平（P < 0.01）。非必需元素铝、锶和锡从出生到断奶时急剧增加，在体重8.5至145千克期间增加速度较低（P < 0.01），但锡在断奶后下降（P < 0.01）。非必需元素的浓度通常比膳食必需微量元素的浓度变化更大。从出生到体重145千克，所有常量和微量元素均有定量增加（P < 0.01）。