[Human babesiosis in 1997].

Human babesiosis is a rare parasitic infection caused by an haemoprotozoan of genus Babesia, transmitted by tick bites. In Europe, the most severe cases are observed in asplenic patients infected by Babesia divergens. Acute intravascular haemolytic syndrome appears rapidly and is responsible for renal failure and is life threatening. Most of the cases have been reported in France. In contrast, Babesia microti babesiosis observed in the United States are less severe than Babesia divergens cases. The major problem raised by babesiosis is the rapidity of the clinical and biological diagnosis. The currently recommended treatment of severe cases consists of a blood exchange followed by clindamycine intraveine use, 25 mg/kg/d in three treatments, until disappearance of parasitemia. Prophylaxis against tick bites should be recommended for asplenic individuals.