VanTiem J S
United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Riverdale, Maryland 20737, USA.
Rev Sci Tech. 1997 Aug;16(2):564-70.
Cervid species represent a growing livestock enterprise in the United States of America (USA). The zoonotic threat of bovine tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis) is the only significant public health risk posed by this alternative livestock industry. This paper examines the potential sources of tuberculosis exposure as related to public health and compares and contrasts the status of tuberculosis in Cervidae with the situation in the cattle industry in the USA. Based on the existing prevalence of the disease and the limited potential of human exposure to infected meat or meat products, bovine tuberculosis in Cervidae poses a minimal threat to public health. The only significant public health concern is exposure to infected free-ranging cervids of hunters who field-dress carcasses and may unknowingly incise tuberculous lesions. This risk is mitigated only by the small size of the cervid population at risk when compared to the general population of cervids hunted yearly.
在美国，鹿类养殖正成为一个不断发展的畜牧业领域。牛结核病（牛分枝杆菌）的人畜共患病威胁是这个替代性畜牧业带来的唯一重大公共卫生风险。本文探讨了与公共卫生相关的结核病暴露潜在来源，并比较和对比了鹿科动物结核病状况与美国养牛业的情况。基于该疾病的现有流行率以及人类接触受感染肉类或肉制品的可能性有限，鹿科动物中的牛结核病对公共卫生构成的威胁极小。唯一重大的公共卫生问题是，处理野外猎杀鹿类尸体的猎人接触到受感染的自由放养鹿类，他们可能在不知情的情况下切开结核病变部位。与每年被猎杀的鹿类总体数量相比，面临风险的鹿类数量较少，这一风险因此得到缓解。
