Ocké M C, Bueno-de-Mesquita H B, Feskens E J, Kromhout D, Menotti A, Blackburn H
Department of Chronic Disease and Environmental Epidemiology, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
Nutr Cancer. 1998;30(1):14-20. doi: 10.1080/01635589809514634.
Within the Seven Countries Study, we investigated whether population differences in 25-year cancer mortality and mortality due to cancer of the lung, stomach, and colorectum could be explained by population differences in adherence to the European Code Against Cancer. Baseline surveys were carried out around 1960 on 12,763 middle-aged men constituting 16 cohorts in seven countries; small samples of the cohorts kept dietary records. In 1987, food equivalent composites representing the average food intake of each cohort at baseline were collected locally and analyzed in one central laboratory. The vital status of all participants was verified after 25 years of follow-up. Overall adherence to the first four recommendations of the European Code Against Cancer was inversely related to 25-year total cancer mortality but not to all-cause mortality. The association with cancer mortality was essentially due to the inverse association for adherence to the guideline on smoking only. Each decrease in the percentage of smokers of 3.4% (10% of range) was associated with a relative risk of 0.93 of dying from cancer. Adherence to the recommendation on consumption of vegetables, fruits, and fiber-rich cereals was inversely related to stomach cancer mortality, whereas adherence to the recommendation on body weight, physical activity, and intake of fat was associated with higher stomach cancer mortality.
在七国研究中，我们调查了25年癌症死亡率以及肺癌、胃癌和结直肠癌死亡率的人群差异，是否可以通过遵守《欧洲抗癌守则》的人群差异来解释。1960年左右，对七个国家16个队列的12763名中年男性进行了基线调查；各队列的小样本记录了饮食情况。1987年，收集了代表各队列基线时平均食物摄入量的食物当量合成物，并在一个中央实验室进行分析。在随访25年后核实了所有参与者的生命状态。总体而言，对《欧洲抗癌守则》前四项建议的遵守情况与25年总癌症死亡率呈负相关，但与全因死亡率无关。与癌症死亡率的关联主要是由于仅遵守吸烟指南的负相关。吸烟者比例每降低3.4%（范围的10%），死于癌症的相对风险为0.93。遵守关于蔬菜、水果和富含纤维谷物消费的建议与胃癌死亡率呈负相关，而遵守关于体重、体育活动和脂肪摄入量的建议与较高的胃癌死亡率相关。
