Mathers C D, Schofield D J
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, Canberra.
Med J Aust. 1998 Feb 16;168(4):178-82. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1998.tb126776.x.
Mathers and Schofield, from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, review recent studies, including Australian research, on the health effects of unemployment and the mechanisms by which unemployment causes adverse health outcomes. The relationship is complex: ill-health also causes unemployment, and confounding factors include socioeconomic status and lifestyle. However, longitudinal studies with a range of designs provide reasonably good evidence that unemployment itself is detrimental to health and has an impact on health outcomes--increasing mortality rates, causing physical and mental ill-health and greater use of health services.
来自澳大利亚卫生与福利研究所的马瑟斯和斯科菲尔德回顾了包括澳大利亚研究在内的近期关于失业对健康影响以及失业导致不良健康结果的机制的研究。这种关系很复杂：健康不佳也会导致失业，混杂因素包括社会经济地位和生活方式。然而，一系列设计的纵向研究提供了相当有力的证据，表明失业本身对健康有害，并对健康结果产生影响——增加死亡率、导致身心健康问题以及更多地使用医疗服务。
