Massey L K, Kynast-Gales S A
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Washington State University, Spokane 99201-3899, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1998 Mar;98(3):303-8. doi: 10.1016/S0002-8223(98)00071-6.
Increasing intake of dietary calcium from less than 400 mg to 800 mg daily may decrease the absorption of dietary oxalate, which in turn would decrease urinary oxalate excretion. The effect of substituting milk for apple juice on urine composition and risk of calcium oxalate precipitability was studied.
Twenty-one normocalciuric adults with a history of at least 1 calcium oxalate stone and urinary oxalate excretion exceeding 275 micromol/day on their self-selected diet.
Randomized crossover trial.
Each participant consumed two moderate-oxalate (2,011 micromol/day) study diets, which were identical except that one contained 360 mL milk and the other contained 540 mL apple juice as the beverage with meals.
Four days free-living then 2 days in the metabolic unit of a university nutrition department.
Tiselius risk index for calcium oxalate precipitability calculated from urine composition.
Paired t tests.
Twenty-four hour urinary oxalate excretion was 18% lower (P<.0001) on the milk diet vs the juice diet: 423 vs 514 micromol, respectively. Calcium excretion was 17% higher (P<.05) on the milk vs juice diet: 4.7 vs 3.9 mmol, respectively. Urinary magnesium and citrate excretion, volume, and Tiselius risk index did not differ between diets.
Substituting 360 mL milk daily for apple juice with meals in a diet containing moderate amounts of dietary oxalate from whole grains, legumes, fruits, and vegetables does not increase the risk index of calcium oxalate precipitability in most normocalciuric adults who form stones.
将每日膳食钙摄入量从低于400毫克增加至800毫克可能会减少膳食草酸盐的吸收，进而降低尿草酸盐排泄量。本研究探讨用牛奶替代苹果汁对尿液成分及草酸钙沉淀风险的影响。
21名正常钙代谢的成年人，他们至少有1次草酸钙结石病史，且在自选饮食情况下尿草酸盐排泄量超过275微摩尔/天。
随机交叉试验。
每位参与者食用两种中等草酸盐含量（2011微摩尔/天）的研究饮食，除了一种饮食中每餐搭配360毫升牛奶作为饮品，另一种饮食中每餐搭配540毫升苹果汁作为饮品外，其他方面均相同。
4天自由生活期，然后在大学营养系的代谢单元中进行2天研究。
根据尿液成分计算的草酸钙沉淀Tiselius风险指数。
配对t检验。
与果汁饮食相比，牛奶饮食的24小时尿草酸盐排泄量降低了18%（P<0.0001），分别为423微摩尔和514微摩尔。与果汁饮食相比，牛奶饮食的钙排泄量增加了17%（P<0.05），分别为4.7毫摩尔和3.9毫摩尔。两种饮食的尿镁、柠檬酸盐排泄量、尿量及Tiselius风险指数无差异。
在含有来自全谷物、豆类、水果和蔬菜的适量膳食草酸盐的饮食中，每天用餐时用360毫升牛奶替代苹果汁，对于大多数形成结石的正常钙代谢成年人，不会增加草酸钙沉淀的风险指数。
