Spivach A, Daris G
Minerva Med. 1976 Jul 14;67(34):2179-96.
Common and uncommon diseases whose symptom picture includes signs that may lead to an incorrect diagnosis are examined. Questions of this kind are obviously important in both medicine and emergency surgery, since incorrect diagnosis may involve either delay in the commencement of suitable treatment or the taking of what may even be dangerous therapeutic measures. Instances of heart and lung disease frequetly marked by abdominal symptomatologies are presented: bronchopulmonitis of various aetiologies, myocardial infarct, rhythm disturbances. In addition to the more atypical signs, such as epigastric pain in infarct and right hypochondriac pain in right basal bronchopulmonitis, manifestations such as vomiting, diarrhoea, diffuse abdominal pains and intestinal occlusion must be borne in mnd in establishing the correct diagnosis.
对症状表现包含可能导致误诊体征的常见和罕见疾病进行了研究。这类问题在医学和急诊外科中显然都很重要，因为误诊可能导致合适治疗开始延迟，或者采取甚至可能危险的治疗措施。列举了常以腹部症状为特征的心肺疾病实例：各种病因的支气管肺炎、心肌梗死、心律失常。除了更不典型的体征，如梗死时的上腹部疼痛和右基底支气管肺炎时的右季肋部疼痛，在确立正确诊断时还必须考虑呕吐、腹泻、弥漫性腹痛和肠梗阻等表现。
