Dannemiller J L
Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA.
J Exp Child Psychol. 1998 Mar;68(3):169-201. doi: 10.1006/jecp.1997.2426.
Four experiments are reported on exogenous (stimulus-driven) orienting in 3.5-month-old infants. A small moving bar embedded in a field of static bars was used to draw the infant's attention to one side of the display or the other. The bars could be either red or green. In all four of these experiments sensitivity to this small moving bar was affected significantly by how unevenly the red and green bars were distributed across the visual field. Sensitivity to the moving bar was lower when most of the red bars were in the field contralateral to this probe suggesting competition between the motion stimulus and contralaterally placed red but not green bars on a small, but significant proportion of trials. This basic effect replicated in four separate experiments and depended coarsely on how unevenly the red and the green bars were distributed across the field. A competition model of exogenous orienting with a winner-take-all rule captured the most important features of the data. The distribution of color within the visual field can bias attention significantly at 3.5 months making it either more or less likely that an infant will detect a moving stimulus.
本文报告了四项关于3.5个月大婴儿的外源性（刺激驱动）定向的实验。一个嵌入静止条带场中的小移动条带被用来将婴儿的注意力吸引到显示屏的一侧或另一侧。这些条带可以是红色或绿色。在所有这四项实验中，对这个小移动条带的敏感度受到红色和绿色条带在视野中分布不均程度的显著影响。当大多数红色条带出现在与该探测器对侧的视野中时，对移动条带的敏感度较低，这表明在一小部分但很显著的试验中，运动刺激与对侧放置的红色而非绿色条带之间存在竞争。这一基本效应在四项独立实验中得到了重复，并且大致取决于红色和绿色条带在视野中分布的不均程度。一个具有赢家通吃规则的外源性定向竞争模型捕捉到了数据的最重要特征。视野内颜色的分布在3.5个月大时会显著影响注意力，使婴儿检测到移动刺激的可能性增加或降低。
