Kostecka M, Zardecka M
I Kliniki Psychiatrycznej AM w Warzawie.
Psychiatr Pol. 1997 Nov-Dec;31(6):691-701.
The goal of the research was evaluation how, and to what degree the use of restraint in psychiatric hospitals was changed between 1989 and 1996. Two month observations of the 11 psychiatric wards of Warsaw psychiatric hospitals were conducted. Researchers used special questionnaire to account for all of the cases of restraint. The first research of this sort was performed in 1989, the second--in 1996. Each of the observed wards was described in terms of its conditions, equipment, personnel, the local customs and population of patients (T. Stańczak's questionnaire was used here); global level of pathology was described with the shortened version of Kellam's form. The most important difference between the characteristics of using restraint in 1996 and 1989 is the average time of remaining in restraint: it became distinctly shorter. The percentage of restraint grew after the act was issued but less patients were restrained. More often than in 1989 aggressive behaviour was the reason for restraining patients. The research clearly states that the practice of restraint was evidently modified and the freedom of its use limited. The main causes are probably the introduction of the Mental Health Act and the changes in the observed wards.
该研究的目的是评估1989年至1996年间精神病医院约束措施的使用方式及变化程度。对华沙精神病医院的11个精神科病房进行了为期两个月的观察。研究人员使用特殊问卷记录所有约束案例。此类研究首次开展于1989年，第二次是在1996年。每个被观察病房均依据其条件、设备、人员、当地习俗及患者群体进行描述（此处使用了T. 斯坦扎克的问卷）；病理的总体水平用凯拉姆表格的简化版进行描述。1996年与1989年约束使用特征的最重要差异在于平均约束时长：明显缩短。《精神卫生法》颁布后约束的比例有所上升，但被约束的患者数量减少。与1989年相比，攻击性行为更常成为约束患者的原因。该研究明确指出，约束措施的实施明显得到改进，其使用自由度受到限制。主要原因可能是《精神卫生法》的出台以及被观察病房的变化。
